The Psalmist and Carl Sagan

Psalm 33:10-15

The Lord brings the counsel of the nations to nothing; 

he frustrates the plans of the peoples. 

The counsel of the Lord stands forever, 

the plans of his heart to all generations. 

Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord, 

the people whom he has chosen as his heritage! 

The Lord looks down from heaven; 

he sees all the children of man; 

from where he sits enthroned 

he looks out on all the inhabitants of the earth, 

he who fashions the hearts of them all 

and observes all their deeds. 

Isaiah 40:13-15

Who has measured the Spirit of the Lord,

or what man shows him his counsel? 

Whom did he consult, and who made him understand? 

Who taught him the path of justice, 

and taught him knowledge, 

and showed him the way of understanding? 

Behold, the nations are like a drop from a bucket, 

and are accounted as the dust on the scales; 

behold, he takes up the coastlands like fine dust. 

...............

"The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one corner of this pixel on the scarcely distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner, how frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds. Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors so that, in glory and triumph, they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot."

-Carl Sagan, Pale Blue Dot

The Psalmist, Isaiah, and Carl Sagan draw a line between the vastness of the observable universe and the absurdity of man's vain attempts to control one another. Nations make bold claims, even messianic claims, but they are a vain hope, a faint flicker of hope, compared to the surpassing permanence and power of our Maker who sits enthroned in the heavens. Nations fight and quarrel over land that appears like a postage stamp next to the light years of cosmos that exists under the rule and reign of Almighty God.

And it does our souls good to stand in wonder and consider our fragility, our finitude, our tiny blip on the cosmic radar compared to the long arc of time that stretches before and after us. We are better men for considering our humble state and letting that awe and wonder shape our confidence in God. 

Sagan and his contemporaries thought that Science did a better job than religion at provoking this awe and humility. Sadly, there are just as many atrocities derived from atheism (Soviet Russia, Maoist China) and science (Nazi eugenics, modern abortion) than there have been wars of religion. This speaks to the universal corruption of man, which bleeds through our best efforts and brings us to our knees before our Maker. Sagan stopped short of true humility, ironically claiming himself to understand man's place in the universe, as if he could stand above it all and see the forest for the trees in a way the rest of us could not. Pride masquerading as humility.

True humility will lead individuals and entire nations to trust not in laws, bureaucracies, executive orders, or political promises but to trust in the God who sees them as drops in the bucket. True humility cannot stop at a vague mystical feeling of smallness or nothingness. It must go on to turn its eyes to what is truly great and permanent - the living God who reigns over us with meticulous attention to every detail of our lives, even numbering the hairs of our heads and each day of our lives before they happen. Look to him, hope in his personal love for you, and your humility will turn from nothing into something:

The king is not saved by his great army; 

a  is not delivered by his great strength. 

The war horse is a false hope for salvation, 

and by its great might it cannot rescue. 

Behold, the eye of the Lord is on those who fear him, 

on those who hope in his steadfast love.

(Psalm 33:16-18)

Redeemed!

Psalms 31:1-5

In you, O Lord, do I take refuge; 

let me never be put to shame; 

in your righteousness deliver me! 

Incline your ear to me; 

rescue me speedily! 

Be a rock of refuge for me, 

a strong fortress to save me! 

For you are my rock and my fortress; 

and for your name's sake you lead me and guide me; 

you take me out of the net they have hidden for me, 

for you are my refuge. 

Into your hand I commit my spirit; 

you have redeemed me, O Lord, faithful God. 

...............

Daily life can be a battle.

The enemies are without and within. When I wake up each day, there are troubles and temptations waiting for me. Every hunger, every discomfort, every annoyance, every complaint, every broken plan or broken promise, every desire for something more, something better, every opportunity to speak poorly of a co-worker or think negatively of my dearest friends & family, every chance to blame others and play the victim - the day holds these enemies in store for me.

But I have two secrets that can keep me safe from these enemies. 

One, I know the war exists - I am not resigned to fall into these pits and despair of life itself. I know there is more. I know I can see victory and joy even in the midst of all this. 

Second, I do not fight alone. I have a partner, a fellow soldier, a friend in this battle, a rescuer and redeemer who is both willing and perfectly able to protect and restore me. He is faithful, and I can commit my life into his trustworthy hands and know that my path is sure. I will look to him and cry out to him and he will hear me in my distress. He cares for every detail and listens to even my trite and trivial fears.

He helps me see how worthless are the idols which clamor for my attention. He replaces them with himself and meets the deepest desire of my heart.

When Jesus hung on the cross, his last breath was used to quote this psalm:

It was now about the sixth hour, and there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour, while the sun's light failed. And the curtain of the temple was torn in two. Then Jesus, calling out with a loud voice, said, "Father, into your hands I commit my spirit!" And having said this he breathed his last. Now when the centurion saw what had taken place, he praised God, saying, "Certainly this man was innocent!" (Luke 23:44-47)

This quote from Jesus could be easily overlooked. Short, and simply describing his acceptance of the end. But, when you see the context of Psalm 31, you realize that Jesus was making a bold claim of confidence in his Father, right in his darkest hour, when anyone else would have despaired and cursed God. 

The second half of verse 5 of the psalm says "You have redeemed me, O Lord, faithful God." Jesus' confidence in his redemption was so strong that he could use the present-tense to describe what was really a future reality. He was dying, drawing his last breath, but he was so sure of his "faithful God," so sure he would breathe again and rise from the tomb, that he could say "you have redeemed me."

I pray that I can walk in such confidence, knowing that he is faithful, that he will be with me in the daily battles against sin and death, and that my victory and resurrection are so certain that I need never worry or fear.

For, you have redeemed me, O Lord, faithful God, and I will walk in your faithfulness with a certainty and a hope that cannot be shaken. Amen.

Towers, Wars, and Discipleship

Luke 14:25-33

Now great crowds accompanied him, and he turned and said to them, "If anyone comes to me and does not hate his own father and mother and wife and children and brothers and sisters, yes, and even his own life, he cannot be my disciple.  Whoever does not bear his own cross and come after me cannot be my disciple.  For which of you, desiring to build a tower, does not first sit down and count the cost, whether he has enough to complete it?  Otherwise, when he has laid a foundation and is not able to finish, all who see it begin to mock him,  saying, 'This man began to build and was not able to finish.'  Or what king, going out to encounter another king in war, will not sit down first and deliberate whether he is able with ten thousand to meet him who comes against him with twenty thousand?  And if not, while the other is yet a great way off, he sends a delegation and asks for terms of peace.  So therefore, any one of you who does not renounce all that he has cannot be my disciple.

...............

We are always glad to see a teaching that ends with a "therefore" because then we will know the main point, right? In this case, the main point is anyone who does not renounce all he has cannot be my disciple. Clear? Yes. Easy to understand? Hmm...

It sounds like Jesus is demanding that his followers abandon material things and all connection to this world. Even our most dearly held relationships - parents, spouses, children, and siblings - we are called to "hate." What can this possibly mean?

Well, we know from several other passages that we are to love our families (1 Tim. 5:8), our neighbors (Matt. 22:34-40) and even our enemies (Matt. 5:43-48), and that asceticism has no intrinsic value, since we could never renounce enough things to gain merit with a holy God or to make us more holy (Col. 2:16-23). And, while one of Luke's main themes is God's interest in the poor, he has repeatedly condemned religiosity that is external, petty, and self-righteous. Whatever this passage is saying, it cannot be an endorsement of thoughtless sacrifice of the needs of our families or a strict command to follow a monastic lifestyle.

But this passage is about following Christ as a disciple who puts Him over and above anything else. The use of the tower and battle metaphors should tell us a few clear things about the nature of this call to discipleship:

1. This is big, so you better think about it first. Don't approach Christianity as just one option in a buffet of religious choices. This is a decision that will change the course of your life and may require the ultimate sacrifice. Think first and consider how big this is.

2. This will be costly, so prepare yourself.  There is a death that takes place when we put off our old selves and become identified with our suffering savior. In very tangible terms, Jesus told his followers that if the world hated him, they should expect to be hated too - and worse. The call to follow Christ will take dogged perseverance and faithfulness in the midst of weariness, pain, doubt, and fear. Our faith will be tried.

3. This will be worth it, so look to the finish line.  I am tempted to think that counting the cost is just a call to feel inadequate and be afraid of what horrors lie ahead in the Christian life - like God is saying "Man-up, its time to die!" But, no good or glory comes from this fear. What this passage reminds us is that we don't build unless there's a tower in mind. We don't fight the war unless there's a kingdom to defend. And we should face the cross of christian life, not as those without hope, but as those who believe in the empty tomb, the resurrection to eternal life, and the new heavens and new earth, where every tear and all sorrow will be no more.

So prepare yourself, by looking to the joy set before you in Christ.

Therefore, since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us also lay aside every weight, and sin which clings so closely, and let us run with endurance the race that is set before us, looking to Jesus, the founder and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God. Consider him who endured from sinners such hostility against himself, so that you may not grow weary or fainthearted. (Hebrews 12:1-3)

Luke the Historian

Luke 3:23, 24

Jesus, when he began his ministry, was about thirty years of age, being the son (as was supposed) of Joseph, the son of Heli, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph...

...............

Chapter 3 is another introduction of sorts - an intro to the adult life and ministry of Jesus. There are several verses here which fit the theme verse we discussed in chapter one - that Luke is writing for the purpose of instilling certainty in his readers. This chapter fulfills this purpose in at least two ways:

1. Historical Markers. Verses 1-3 provide incredible detail about the specific time in which these events took place, making Luke's narrative a clear example of historical biography rather than dramatic fiction. The naming of specific rulers and leaders would have been the most accurate way to date events, and scholars today have relied on these markers in dating the events and when they were recorded. Luke's extensive genealogy in this chapter presents yet another common time marker from this era - the family tree. This would have been included by Luke mainly to place Jesus in space-time history, as opposed to promoting a sense of legend or myth.

2. Journalistic Style. Continuing the tone of an essentially journalistic account from chapters 1 and 2, Luke describes the early events of John the Baptist in a matter-of-fact literal manner. The events are recorded with concrete imagery and verbatim dialogue, apparently collected in eyewitness accounts and organized by Luke in a straightforward chronological fashion. C. S. Lewis commented likewise that the writing style of the Gospels in no way resemble typical first century legend writings:

"I have been reading poems, romances, vision-literature, legends, myths all my life. I know what they are like. I know that not one of them is like this. Of this text there are only two possible views. Either this is reportage -- Or else, some unknown writer without known predecessors or successors, suddenly anticipated the whole technique of modern, novelistic, realistic narrative. If it is untrue, it must be narrative of that kind. The reader who doesn't see this has simply not learned to read." (from Christian Reflections)

What is the purpose of these markers, genealogies, and literal stylings? Why does it matter that we have certainty about the times, places, and historical reality of these events? Why not just believe what you choose to believe? Well, contrary to popular notions today, the primitive world of the ancient Near-East had a firm grip on the difference between reality and fantasy. In fact, one could argue that the modern world's acceptance of pure subjective truth and individualized "blind faith" is quite a step backward from the simple statement of facts found in the Gospel narrative. What brings hope - real grounded hope - is the certainty that my Creator actually showed up in human history and intervened on my behalf, bearing the death that I deserved, and rising bodily from the dead to demonstrate his love and the promise of resurrection for all who trust in Him. This is good news indeed.

Mistaken Identity

Matthew 11:27

All things have been handed over to me by my Father,
and no one knows the Son except the Father,
and no one knows the Father except the Son
and anyone to whom the Son chooses to reveal him.

...............

This appears to be a rather cryptic statement in the middle of Jesus' public ministry. No person knows the Son unless the Son chooses to reveal himself to them? How can that be? There were plenty of people who could see Jesus in the flesh, who witnessed His miracles and acts of mercy, and even those closest to Him heard His teaching about Himself in very intimate encounters. Surely, somebody knew Him. This "knowing" must refer to some deeper kind of knowledge, right? The "knowing" of a Father-Son relationship, perhaps? Yes, I think that is part of what Jesus is saying -- this is the intimate knowing that is equivalent to being reconciled with God and being "chosen" by Jesus to have eternal life. I completely agree with the Calvinistic/Reformed usage of this verse in that regard.

But, I think this "knowing" is also referring to a more basic kind of knowledge -- identity.

I get that idea from the rest of the chapter, which can be seen as a kind of case study in mistaken identity. The fallen world of common man appears in this chapter to be completely at a loss when it comes to identifying spiritual realities. These people really were "dwelling in darkness" (Mt 4:16). Here are some examples of mistaken identity from Matthew 11.

(1) "Are you the one who is to come, or shall we look for another?" (Verse 3). If anybody should know that Jesus was the Messiah, it was John the Baptist. Not to say that John was living in total darkness. He understood more than most about who Jesus was and what kind of ministry he came to carry out. However, when he was locked up in prison, John could not escape the nagging doubts that Jesus might not be who he thought he was. John needed some confirmation. So, he sent messengers to ask and he received in response a description straight from the Old Testament -- a description of a healer, a preacher, and a leader who could be none other than the Messiah himself (Isa. 61:1-12; see also Luke's account of Jesus describing himself with these very words, Lk. 4:18-19).

(2) "For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, 'He has a demon.' The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say 'Look at him! A glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!' Yet wisdom is justified by her deeds" (Verses 18-19). The second case of mistaken identity in this chapter concerns both John and Jesus. The crowds are likened to children who are not satisfied with mirth or tears, joy or solemnity. They are essentially always looking for an excuse to ignore the teachings of these men. So, they accuse John of having a demon, and they accuse Jesus of being a drunkard. Nothing is good enough for these people, no matter how many types of prophets God sends to them. They are stubborn-hearted and set in their ways. But wisdom will be justified by her deeds; that is, the rightness of their teaching will eventually be justified by the fruit it bears and the victory it attains.

(3) "Then he began to denounce the cities where most of his mighty works had been done, because they did not repent" (Verse 20). Finally, the fact that these cities refused to turn from their ways in the face of such astonishing miracles is further proof that they just didn't get it. They knew that Jesus was an amazing person, perhaps even a prophet. But the kind of knowledge that is necessary for repentance and faith was sorely lacking. It will be more bearable for Sodom on the last day, than for these unrepentant cities.

In case you are feeling a bit pessimistic about this fallen world and its perpetual darkness, remember there is a sign of hope after all this. In true prophetic fashion, Jesus concludes this segment of righteous indignation and warning with a message of genuine hope and invitation (verses 28-30). May we consider the sad reality of this dark world and be motivated to turn back to Christ, whose arms remain open to welcome us to a true knowledge of himself:

Come to me, all who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you, and learn from me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light.