True Hunger and True Bread

John 6:53-58

So Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you.  Whoever feeds on my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.  For my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink.  Whoever feeds on my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him.  As the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so whoever feeds on me, he also will live because of me.  This is the bread that came down from heaven, not like the bread the fathers ate, and died. Whoever feeds on this bread will live forever.”

...............

As we began reading John, we drew our attention to the theme verse in chapter 20 verse 31:

...these are written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.

Each chapter of John's account adds another layer of meaning to this twofold thesis, answering the two most important questions a person can ever ask:

Who is Jesus?
Why does that matter in my real life?

And chapter 6 is no exception. Here we see Jesus comparing himself to the manna that appeared each day to feed the Israelites in the wilderness for 40 years. He even calls himself the Bread of Life which has come down from heaven. What does this mean? What does this tell us about Jesus and about ourselves?

Well, it is safe to say that Jesus is not made of bread, and therefore he was not expecting anyone to eat him, cannibal-style. The crowd asks about this, either out of mockery or just willful ignorance. The context includes several references to the manna of old, clearly showing that he was speaking symbolically. He did the same in chapter 3, concerning the serpent which was raised up for Israel's healing. Jesus is saying something profound about himself, not that he is today's special on the dinner menu.

So, if not cannibalism, then what does the bread metaphor mean for us? It might be easy to say that Jesus should satisfy our soul's deepest need and hunger. But what is that hunger and how do we obtain or ingest this promised bread-like satisfaction?

First, what is this hunger that defines our human condition? It manifests itself in many ways: lust for material trinkets, cravings for control in our lives, desire for success or to always be right, longings for relationships, hunger for comfort and ease. These hungers are sometimes rooted in good desires, but they quickly become inflated into ultimate desires.

In his book Counterfeit Gods, Tim Keller describes how our hungers can become idolatry:

"What is an idol? It is anything more important to you than God, anything that absorbs your heart and imagination more than God, anything you seek to give you what only God can give."

Each of us knows what that idol is, what it is we hunger for most. What do you daydream about? If you have plans cancel and 2 hours of unexpected free time, how do you spend it? Could you stand before the Savior who died for you and tell him that he is your treasure? Is he the bread you hunger for?

So, what if we admit that we don't hunger for him? What if we admit that he doesn't attract us or seem to satisfy us like he once did?

Perhaps we are double blind: blind to our hunger and blind to his fulfilling richness. How do we open our eyes to see this richness and savor it again?

A typical church answer might be bible-reading and prayer - this is how to take in this bread and find satisfaction - and there is some truth to that. But, what if we've tried that and still feel hungry? What if we keep trying to pray and our minds are either distracted or simply unable to imagine something lovely about Jesus? What if the Bible is just words on the page?

Jesus says to us, I am the Bread of Life. He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood will have eternal life and be raised on the last day. Do we want that? Do I want to live forever? Do I daydream about heaven? Do I have vivid imaginings about finally seeing a bright new earth in 20/20 vision - no more glasses, no more fog!

Jesus links the satisfying nature of the bread to a promise of resurrection, and I think that is the key here. We are dead in sins and craving filth like the foolish prodigal son, while all the while our loving Father waits with a home, a family, a fattened calf, and a welcome party in our honor! His robe and his ring he will place on our undeserving bodies as we finally admit we are empty and hungry.

Admit it. You're hungry, you're weak, you're lost in the dark. And your greatest need can be met only in the One who shaped your heart and died to bring you to Himself. Accept it. Cherish it. And then you can learn each day how to eat new manna, just as the Israelites had to gather it day after day.

Look for it and you will find it. In His word, in the smile of a dear friend, in the gift of each breath.

And believe, for that is the work which he actually says to do in this very chapter (6:29), and everything hinges on it. Believe that heaven awaits and all you have to do is admit your brokenness and take what is offered. Believe in the holy God who became a simple man and entered into our messed up world. Be captivated by such love that went to such lengths for such ungrateful men. Believe it and pray that daily bread of forgiveness and a forgiving heart - to accept him and become more like him.

Believe it, and it's yours.

Private Sins, Public Grace

Psalm 36:1-12

Transgression speaks to the wicked
deep in his heart;
there is no fear of God before his eyes.  
For he flatters himself in his own eyes
that his iniquity cannot be found out and hated. 
The words of his mouth are trouble and deceit;
he has ceased to act wisely and do good.
He plots trouble while on his bed;
he sets himself in a way that is not good;
he does not reject evil. 

Lord, you see and know the atrocities of evil men. You see them plotting in the night, and daydreaming of what they secretly desire. You see their hypocrisy as they justify themselves. You know every secret deep in our hearts.

Your steadfast love, O Lord,
extends to the heavens,
your faithfulness to the clouds.  
Your righteousness is like the mountains of God;
your judgments are like the great deep;
man and beast you save, O Lord. 

 

Father, you contrast the dark hearts of men with a love that stretches from eternity to eternity. You offer your kindness publicly and without shame.

How precious is your steadfast love, O God!
The children of mankind take refuge
in the shadow of your wings. 
They feast on the abundance of your house,
and you give them drink
from the river of your delights. 
For with you is the fountain of life;
in your light do we see light. 

God, your vast heart of love overflows in blessings poured out on the heads of all men. Even those who despise you are daily drinking of your gifts and enjoying your patience. If only they would see the fountain from whom all these delights arise - then they would truly have life.

Oh, continue your steadfast love
to those who know you,
and your righteousness
to the upright of heart! 
Let not the foot of arrogance come upon me,
nor the hand of the wicked drive me away. 
There the evildoers lie fallen;
they are thrust down, unable to rise.

Not one day of life is promised to us, so those who know You ask for a continuing of your kindness and protection. Let the bodies of evil men lie motionless so that injustice and sorrow may finally cease. Bring your judgment and spare those who trust you, by your grace alone!

Condemned No More

John 3:17-18

For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but in order that the world might be saved through him.  Whoever believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only Son of God.

...............

Condemned.

It's a word that is used a couple different ways in our world today.

For one, we call a building condemned when it falls into disrepair. Where once stood a grand Victorian manor home, now stands a hollow skeleton devoid of life. Time and elements conspire to wear away at the walls and ceiling, leaving their indelible marks. A chandelier covered in cobwebs, moldy wallpaper hanging down in strips, mantles covered in dust. Yellow light streams in through faded stain-glass. Underneath the cosmetic symptoms there are rafters and foundations beginning to crumble. Once condemned, a building becomes dangerous for anyone to enter. Squatters and graffiti artists take over at their own risk. Eventually, even these new purposes become impossible, and there arrives a day of collapse or demolition.

Likewise are the effects of our sin, at least in the passive sense. Each of us is born into a world that is decaying, a shadow of its former glory. Our bodies and souls quickly fall victim to the effects of man's curse - illness, tragedy, broken plans, and broken promises. As the elements wear against our souls, our own former glory becomes weak and tarnished. Without someone coming to renovate, we continue to degrade. In this condemned state of ruin is a glimmer and a memory of glory - the image of our Maker remains. But without intervention, we stand condemned and on the verge of collapse.

Another common use of the word condemned is for criminals. A criminal is any violator of the law of the land. Theft, drug deals, violent offenses, blue collar crime, white collar crime, tax evasion, treason - these acts tear at the fabric of social order and threaten the good of self and neighbor. A criminal stands condemned when arrested, tried, and sentenced, ideally in equal measure to the crime they have committed. He also stands condemned before his Maker.

This is the position of every man before God who has violated even one of his commands. This is sin in the active sense. We are not merely victims of a fallen world. We are also perpetrators in a grand treason against our benevolent creator and redeemer.

In John 3, we hear an extended description of how to enter the kingdom of God, and it is not what we would expect. Nicodemus is shocked to realize that neither his ethnicity nor his religious credentials offer any hope when God himself is standing in the room with you demanding that you be born again as a new person.

Then, John offers an oft-quoted promise of salvation for all who believe, followed by verses 17 and 18. Here we are told that Jesus did not come to condemn the world, but to save those who believe. It is tempting to see this as evidence that Jesus was excusing sin and sweeping it under the proverbial rug. But verse 18 states that outside of Christ we are condemned already. In other words, Jesus did not come to condemn us because he didn't have to - that job was already done. He could condemn us no further because humanity's hands were already stained with the blood of hatred and injustice and self-destruction.

Gladly, while he had every right to leave us in the darkness we chose for ourselves, instead he entered that darkness and took the curse and condemnation on himself. John the Baptist cried out, "Behold! The lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world!" The penalty and power of sin is forever removed for all who trust in this sacrificial lamb, who takes it all upon himself. Our condemnation is removed in every sense - we are criminals no more and new life is given to a home fully restored.

I pray that we can walk in the freedom and joy that comes from being condemned no more. Our renewed life and hope of heaven is as sure as the finished work of the cross and empty tomb. There is now a banner draped over our heads that reads "No condemnation!" as Paul so beautifully declared:

There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus. For the law of the Spirit of life has set you free in Christ Jesus from the law of sin and death. (Romans 8:1-2)

Get Blessed!

Psalm 24:3-5

Who shall ascend the hill of the Lord?
And who shall stand in his holy place?
He who has clean hands and a pure heart,
who does not lift up his soul to what is false
and does not swear deceitfully.
He will receive blessing from the Lord
and righteousness from the God of his salvation.

...............

Who doesn't want a little blessing their life? You may have met folks who respond to greetings by saying "I'm blessed, how are you doing?" There is something universally pleasant about feeling blessed - feeling like the sun is shining just for you, like Someone has had favor on you today.

Verse 5 promises blessing, and that should make us stop and consider what this blessing is all about and what we have to do to get it.

The word "blessed" just means "happy." When Jesus taught the Beatitudes in Matthew 5, he was describing what the truly happy man is like, and there are some parallels to this psalm that are worth noting.

For one, the blessed person is someone who is pure in heart. That is no easy task actually, and you know it if you've tried it. Sins of the heart are the deepest and hardest to uproot. Hidden sins of hatred and lust, for example, are singled out by Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount as being the root of murder and adultery - in fact they are the heinous equivalent of those outward sins. Paul also singles out the inner sin of covetousness as being particularly impossible to escape due to universal human depravity (Romans 7). We are in fact at war within ourselves, even those who have the indwelling Spirit of God within them. To be pure in heart is a tall order.

Another similarity I see with the beatitudes is the emphasis on humility as the gateway to a relationship with God. Jesus said "Blessed are the meek for they shall inherit the earth." The psalm reminds us that the earth is the Lord's, and yet we too are promised this inheritance if we humble ourselves before him and live a life knowing that he owns the world and the fullness thereof. This is ironic to the modern mind - we are truly happy and will inherit the whole world if we live in selfless humility.

Another point to consider: since verse 5 fits the pattern of parallelism found throughout Hebrew poetry, the words "blessing" and "righteousness" appear to be set as equivalent here. To the Christian's ears this is no surprise - the happiest gift he has received is the righteousness that comes not from works but that which is the gift of God received by humble faith. To be right with God - to have final peace with Him and be welcomed on his "holy hill" - is to experience the deepest and most lasting joy. It is an eternal joy. And it causes us to say...

"I am blessed."

Later in Psalm 32, David will reiterate this connection between blessing and righteousness. I will close with Paul's reference to this passage in Romans 4, which puts it specifically in the context of the righteousness granted to us through faith in Jesus:

"And to the one who does not work but believes in him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is counted as righteousness, just as David also speaks of the blessing of the one to whom God counts righteousness apart from works:
"Blessed are those whose lawless deeds are forgiven,
and whose sins are covered;
blessed is the man against whom the Lord will not count his sin."
(Romans 4:5-8 ESV)

What is Revealed and What is Not

Psalm 19:12-14

Who can discern his errors?
Declare me innocent from hidden faults.
Keep back your servant also from presumptuous sins;
let them not have dominion over me!
Then I shall be blameless,
and innocent of great transgression.
Let the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart
be acceptable in your sight,
O LORD, my rock and my redeemer.

...............

I once had a roommate who noticed something about me and told me about it (sounds like a roommate, right?).  He told me that I seemed to struggle with guilt over sins that I hadn't even committed.  I was always questioning myself, hoping that my introspection would reveal some hidden corner of my life that contained some sinful thought or deed.  Further, I would sometimes just assume that I was sinning in some way, without even having a specific insistence I could put my finger on.

My roommate told me that such an attitude was actually not portraying much confidence in God's ability to convict me of sin.  In other words: "Don't you trust God enough to let him do His job - to convict you of hidden sin? If you know you have committed a sin, just repent and pray and turn to Christ; If not, then stop worrying about it."  Boy, did I need that kick in the pants.  And, Psalm 19 gives us a wonderful example of David's trust in the God who faithfully guides and convicts his children.

Verses 1-11 describe how God has revealed himself and his expectations - first through the natural world, then also through his written word.  The natural world "pours" forth speech concerning the majesty and holiness and creativity of God.  The written word reveals the specific nature of God and guides his children in everything pertaining to life and godliness (cf. 1 Tim. 3:16-17; 2 Pet. 1:3-4).  In other words, it's God's job to reveal himself and his character.  He is more trustworthy than anyone to let us know what He expects of us.

The secret things belong to the LORD our God, but the things that are revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may do all the words of this law (Deut. 29:29).

This is challenging and encouraging.  It is challenging because we naturally cringe at many of God's clear expectations and commands in Scripture.  Carrying our cross, imitating God incarnate, laying down our lives, praying without ceasing, preaching the word, loving our enemies - these are not always so convenient in a fallen world that considers the cross of Christ to be foolishness.

But, Psalm 19 is also encouraging, especially for those prone to unhealthy introspection.  David considers first the clarity of God's self-revelation in nature and in Scripture, then what does he do?  He prays to God to convict him of hidden sin and save him from presumptuous thinking.  He also is concerned about the thoughts and meditations of his heart, which are potentially sinful and corrupt.  But, I believe David's prayer reflects a heart that trusts God to do his work of penetration and conviction (cf. Heb. 4:12).  Therefore, if God is silent and does not bring any of our hidden sins to light, then guess what?  There's nothing there to worry about.

At least, not for right now.

(I have a feeling that there may always be more hidden sin in us while we live this fallen life, but God, in his mercy, only reveals it to us in manageable portions, so that we do not despair, but continue to trust in the transforming Spirit of Christ, who will not rest until he has conformed us to his image.  See Romans 8:28-29)

The Kingdom of Heaven, Part 2

Mark 4:21-23

And he said to them, "Is a lamp brought in to be put under a basket, or under a bed, and not on a stand? For nothing is hidden except to be made manifest; nor is anything secret except to come to light. If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear."

...............

I call this post "Part 2" because we have already discussed some of the characteristics of the Kingdom Parables in a previous post. These parables reveal to us the surpassing value, the progressive growth, the final judgment, and the hidden quality of God's kingdom. Mark's gospel provides one kingdom parable that is not found in Matthew or Luke: The Lamp under a Basket. Because of this distinction, it seems appropriate to further address the "hiddenness" of the kingdom.

We have countered the popular gnostic claim that Christianity is a secret religion which makes God a mysterious transcendent being, only knowable through ecstatic experience. Gnosticism is repeatedly denounced in the New Testament, both implicitly (in the reality of the Incarnation) and explicitly (in the teaching of Christ and his apostles). We see this in Christ's affirmation of marriage, of eating and drinking, and his overarching interest in physical healing and financial responsibility. The ordinary material matters of life are of immense significance to God, since our obedience to Him in these matters is essentially what being a citizen of the kingdom is all about, albeit by means of faith in Him and a motivation to glorify Him.

Despite this affirmation of the material world, we have readily admitted that God's kingdom has a hidden quality, rooted in Adam's rebellion and mankind's fallen nature. We "suppress the truth in unrighteousness" (Rom. 1) and literally blind ourselves to God's glory, revealed in creation and in His Word. Strangely enough, even Jesus' closest followers were often blind to the truth of His identity and His message. Mark is also distinctive in his emphasis on the slowness of the disciples to grasp who Jesus was and what His ministry would look like (see Mark 4:38ff).

Fortunately, the parable of the Lamp Under a Basket reminds us that this hidden quality of the kingdom is only temporary. In fact, Jesus tells us that "nothing is hidden except to be made manifest; nor is anything secret except to come to light." In other words, secrets are not meant to be hidden forever. Jesus' teaching was part of undoing this hidden quality; and his cross and resurrection even moreso. That is why the authors of Colossians and Hebrews can both say with confidence that Jesus himself is the glory of God, in whom "all the fullness of deity was pleased to dwell" and in whom we behold "the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature" (Col. 1:19 and Heb. 1:3). What is recorded in Mark's gospel is the record of this Incarnate God and what He has provided as a solution to our deepest need. Rather than some fleeting experience, it is our faith in Jesus Himself and the historical space-time sacrifice for our sins that gives us an objectively right relationship to God. Because of who He is and what He has done, we can stand in His righteousness and know with complete certainty that we are forgiven and accepted and renewed by His Spirit. This is the kingdom to which we belong - a lamp once hidden, but now placed on a stand for all to see.

You Must Be Good

Psalm 15:1-2

O LORD, who shall sojourn in your tent?
Who shall dwell on your holy hill?
He who walk blamelessly and does what is right
and speaks truth in his heart...

...............

The first impression I receive when reading this psalm is that the criteria for being accepted by a holy God is quite simply this: complete holiness. It is, after all, a "holy" hill that is described here as the desired destination of believers. What else should we expect as the criteria for entrance into the presence of God?

The problem is that we fall short of this list in Psalm 15 almost every day. We continually fail to do the following:

- speak truth in our hearts
- avoid slanderous speech
- avoid doing evil to our neighbor
- avoid taking up reproach against our friends
- despise vileness
- honor those who fear the LORD
- swear to our own hurt and never change
- avoid lending money at interest
- avoid taking bribes against the innocent.

The temptation here is to finish reading this psalm and immediately despair. We know that our salvation is by grace, but these verses seem to contradict that reality. Is it really fair to the text to say that this list of rules is no longer applicable for the Christian who lives under the forgiveness that was purchased at the cross?

Well, I believe this conundrum can be solved using two very simple (and fair) interpretive tools: proximity and parallel. First, it is easy to miss, but the proximity of this psalm to the one before must not be overlooked. As we have already discussed, Psalm 14 is very clear about man's depravity. If it's not clear enough for you by itself, see how Paul refers to it in Romans 3. This is clearly a final verdict on man's inability to please God on his own. Second, the parallels between the lists found in Psalm 15 and Romans 3 are too close to be coincidental. Romans 3:13-14 speaks of humanity's propensity for evil speech (parallel to Psalm 15:2-3). The psalm requires us to honor those who fear the LORD (v. 4), but Paul says that there is no fear of God in the eyes of any man, period (Romans 3:18). The psalm describes a man who swears to his own hurt (v. 4), while Romans describes humanity as continually hurting others (3:15-17).

Clearly, these passages create a paradox that, on one hand accords completely with reality as we know it, but on the other hand, must somehow be resolved by a divine intervention alone. Gladly, the gospel tells that story exactly. While our God is completely holy and welcomes to himself only those who match the list, our Savior was also completely holy and has made a way for us to be welcomed into the presence of God through his shed blood and imputed righteousness (see 2 Cor. 5:21).

I pray that we can face these realities with awe and gratitude for the God who is there and who has intervened on our behalf. Let us sing of these truths along with the hymn-writer:

My hope is built on nothing less
than Jesus' blood and righteousness
I dare not trust the sweetest frame
but wholly lean on Jesus' name
On Christ the Solid Rock I stand
All other ground is sinking sand
All other ground is sinking sand.

Human Depravity

Psalm 14:1

The fool says in his heart, "There is no God."
They are corrupt, they do abominable deeds,
there is none who does good.

...............

We have seen this description of the wicked in Psalm 10 already, that they say in their hearts, "There is no God." We noted that atheism is really a form of pride, a way of exalted oneself over the inconvenient reality of God's rightful place in the universe. In this Psalm, we see the phrase used as the root issue behind all of human depravity: There are none who can genuinely be called good because, as a whole, mankind has turned away from God and called down his just wrath.

This Psalm is really from God's perspective. In verse 2, we hear that God "looks down from heaven" in order to see if there are "any who understand, who seek after God." This would not have been a controversial concept for early Jewish believers. They understood very well that the Gentiles were living under God's displeasure. We can almost see them nodding their heads in agreement when the first Roman Christians read the apostle Paul's letter to them:

The wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth. (Rom. 1:18).

However, it is the way that Paul references this Psalm in Romans 3 that presents the Jews with quite a theological curve-ball. They might have expected Paul to use this description of man's depravity as a kind of final verdict upon the rebellious Gentile "dogs," as they were popularly known. Instead, Paul takes Psalm 14 and throws it up as a description of the Jews and Gentiles alike:

What then? Are we Jews any better off? No, not at all. For we have already charged that all, both Jews and Greeks, are under sin, as it is written, "None is righteous, no, not one; no one understands; no one seeks for God." (Rom. 3:9-11)

As we've noted elsewhere, the first step in interpreting the Old Testament is to see how it is directly or indirectly referenced in the New Testament. Psalm 14 may have been used by the Jews to condemn their unrighteous enemies, but the perspective of God, as further illuminated by the New Testament, is that this judgment refers to all people, regardless of their race or religion.

Fortunately, that condemnation is not the end of the story. Just as Paul finishes his universal condemnation of all people as completely unrighteous and without hope in the world, he throws yet another theological curve-ball:

But now the righteousness of God has been manifested apart from the law, although the Law and the Prophets bear witness to it---the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe. (Rom. 3:21)

Romans 1 told us that God's wrath was being reveal against unrighteousness; Romans 3 now tells us that God's righteousness has now been revealed that is apart from the law -- a rightness with God that is given to us as a gift, through faith in the work of Jesus Christ upon the cross, where he took our sin upon Himself, and then rose from the dead to secure new life for us and an eternal reconciliation with God. Death has been overcome; our depravity will be once for all eliminated; and our hope has been restored, not in ourselves, but in the God who comes to us and makes things right. Amen.

Forgiveness vs. Tolerance

Matthew 18:15

If your brother sins against you, go and tell him his fault, between you and him alone. If he listens to you, you have gained your brother.

...............

This chapter is one of many in Matthew that is clearly based on a central theme. Whether Jesus taught these lessons together, or whether Matthew organized them in this way, there is clearly a theme of forgiveness in this chapter. When we realize that this is the theme, it forces us to reconsider our common conception of what forgiveness is all about and to come to terms with a more biblical definition.

Forgiveness is not really a feeling, and it is not merely a spoken word to another. Forgiveness appears to be more of a multi-step process as described in the entire chapter. First, there is recognition of sin. Second, there may be a confrontation over the sin. Third, there is a turning from sin. And fourth, there is a reconciliation between the parties involved. As we go through each of these, we will also see how the common practice of mere tolerance falls short of biblical forgiveness and is actually counterproductive to the end goal of reconciliation and peace.

(1) Recognition of Sin. For a sin to be forgiven, someone has to recognize it. The sinner involved may be that person, or it may have to come through the confrontation of another (#2 below). Matthew 18 begins this discussion of forgiveness where many of us forget to begin: with God. God is the one who first recognizes sin in His children and is the first to do something about it. Jesus warns the disciples that those who cause His "little ones" to stumble will have to answer to Him (18:6-9). But, He also reminds us that when a little sheep strays from the flock, it is truly God Himself, our Great Shepherd, who leaves the 99 in the field and goes after the wandering lamb (18:10-14). What a merciful God, who recognizes our sin before we do ourselves, yet pursues us with zeal to bring us back to Himself. God does not merely tolerate sin, which would be harmful to His children; He punishes the tempters, and rescues the tempted!

(2) Confrontation of Sin. A believer may be sensitive enough to confront himself or herself over a particular sin, or he/she may need the gentle rebuke of a trusted friend. Matt. 18:15-20 is a clear challenge to the church to take sin seriously, but with an eye toward reconciliation. Steps 1, 2, and 3 are clearly designed so that you may "gain your brother." But, step 4 is where God draws the line. If someone clings to their sinful desire more than they trust the gentle rebuke of the assembled church, than that person has chosen to be treated like an outsider. Just as God does not merely tolerate sin, likewise the church is called to model the balance of purity and pursuit, of justice and mercy.

(3) Turning from Sin. Forgiveness necessitates a turning from sin. We see this in the section on church discipline, but we also see it in the Parable of the Unforgiving Servant (18:21-35). Here, Jesus describes the story of a servant who appears repentant, but in the end, did not turn from his sin. While there is no one who is "unforgiveable" per se, there is criteria for true forgiveness to occur, and one of these is a genuine turning from sin. The unforgiving servant showed that he had not truly changed, and the way he fell short is telling: he would not forgive others of faults that were also his own. Our culture's tolerance does not demand the abandoning of sin. People think that we should forgive those who make no effort to change. But God does not tolerate hyporcrisy; He forgives the repentant.

(4) Reconciliation. The Parable ends with an ominous tone, of which we should take note and shudder. God takes sin seriously and he will not ultimately accept someone who clings to their idolatrous lusts in preference to Him. But, there is a positive implication here: if we do repent, He will welcome us back to himself, and we will find peace with those we sinned against as well.

We must forgive others, because God has forgiven us. This is fundamental to the Christian life. I pray that we continue to view personal sin and relational conflict in light of God's forgiveness - a forgiveness that is not mere tolerance, but demands the abandonment of sin for the sake of genuine reconcilation, without hypocrisy.

The Kingdom of Heaven

Matthew 13:44

The kingdom of heaven is like treasure hidden in a field, which a man found and covered up. Then in his joy he goes and sells all that he has and buys that field.

...............

The parable of the Hidden Treasure falls in the middle of a collection of parables in Matthew 13, all of them concerning the nature of God's kingdom and the nature of those who are its citizens. The following will be merely a brief list of characteristics of this kingdom, based on themes that are found in many of these parables.

(1) Hiddenness. We have already seen in Matthew 12 that there were many times in Jesus' healing ministry that he commanded people to keep secret the miracles that he performed. And, we have already discussed how this secretiveness was not driven by fear, but more by Jesus' character and timing. Here, we see yet another reason for the early secretiveness in Jesus' ministry: the very nature of the kingdom of heaven is that it is hidden from some.

This hiddenness has often been distorted into a gnostic kind of mysticism, in which God is completely unknowable except through some ecstatic experience. These parables do not lead in that direction. Rather, the parables are poetic ways of describing what has been "hidden since the foundation of the world" (13:35). This verse, and the Isaiah passage quoted in 13:14-15, make very clear that the kingdom's hiddenness is rooted in mankind's chosen rebellion. I am reminded of the paradox of Pharaoh's hardened heart in the Exodus story. It is true that God hardened his heart, but many verses in Exodus also describe Pharaoh as hardening his own heart. We see this in Romans 1 as well, where those who suppress the truth in unrighteousness are ultimately given over to their desires, in a sense abandoned by God. The hidden nature of God's kingdom is somewhat paradoxical, rooted in our own chosen sinfulness, but also perpetuated by God who justly withholds light and knowledge from those who have chosen self-rule in their own kingdoms.

(2) Progressive Growth and Value. We see in the parables of the Mustard Seed, the Hidden Treasure, and the Pearl of Great Price that God's kingdom is coming with progressive growth and is of greatest value. Briefly, the reason why God's kingdom is of greatest value and should be sought after with joy, is that it is the essentially the wise and good rulership of our heavenly Father. Indeed, every treasure and joy of this life should be considered second-rate rubbish in comparison to this kingdom, to this reality. While we enjoy the goodness of this earth and its reflection of the Creator's goodness, we also look forward to the coming kingdom and its superior peace and wholeness. Thy kingdom come, indeed.

(3) Reward and Punishment. The Parable of the Weeds is explained by Jesus in verses 36-43. We see that there are two very distinct groups of people from the perspective of the kingdom of heaven: the "children of the kingdom" (13:38) and the "causes of sin and all law-breakers" (13:41). In this parable, and in the parables of the Sower and the Net, we see that there will be a final separation between these two groups, the first being granted eternal favor in God's presence, the latter being "thrown into the fiery furnace" where there will be "weeping and gnashing of teeth" (13:42). The fact that this is part of Jesus' literal explanation makes clear that he is not making some figurative reference to blessings and curses in this life alone. The literal King of the literal kingdom is literally coming to earth to make a final separation and bring his children home.

I pray that we are given eyes to see our King at work in this life, consider the surpassing value of His rulership and wisdom, and tremble at the reality of the coming judgment, when everyone will be held accountable for whose kingdom they were submitting to, their own kingdom or the kingdom of King Jesus.

Mistaken Identity

Matthew 11:27

All things have been handed over to me by my Father,
and no one knows the Son except the Father,
and no one knows the Father except the Son
and anyone to whom the Son chooses to reveal him.

...............

This appears to be a rather cryptic statement in the middle of Jesus' public ministry. No person knows the Son unless the Son chooses to reveal himself to them? How can that be? There were plenty of people who could see Jesus in the flesh, who witnessed His miracles and acts of mercy, and even those closest to Him heard His teaching about Himself in very intimate encounters. Surely, somebody knew Him. This "knowing" must refer to some deeper kind of knowledge, right? The "knowing" of a Father-Son relationship, perhaps? Yes, I think that is part of what Jesus is saying -- this is the intimate knowing that is equivalent to being reconciled with God and being "chosen" by Jesus to have eternal life. I completely agree with the Calvinistic/Reformed usage of this verse in that regard.

But, I think this "knowing" is also referring to a more basic kind of knowledge -- identity.

I get that idea from the rest of the chapter, which can be seen as a kind of case study in mistaken identity. The fallen world of common man appears in this chapter to be completely at a loss when it comes to identifying spiritual realities. These people really were "dwelling in darkness" (Mt 4:16). Here are some examples of mistaken identity from Matthew 11.

(1) "Are you the one who is to come, or shall we look for another?" (Verse 3). If anybody should know that Jesus was the Messiah, it was John the Baptist. Not to say that John was living in total darkness. He understood more than most about who Jesus was and what kind of ministry he came to carry out. However, when he was locked up in prison, John could not escape the nagging doubts that Jesus might not be who he thought he was. John needed some confirmation. So, he sent messengers to ask and he received in response a description straight from the Old Testament -- a description of a healer, a preacher, and a leader who could be none other than the Messiah himself (Isa. 61:1-12; see also Luke's account of Jesus describing himself with these very words, Lk. 4:18-19).

(2) "For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, 'He has a demon.' The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say 'Look at him! A glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!' Yet wisdom is justified by her deeds" (Verses 18-19). The second case of mistaken identity in this chapter concerns both John and Jesus. The crowds are likened to children who are not satisfied with mirth or tears, joy or solemnity. They are essentially always looking for an excuse to ignore the teachings of these men. So, they accuse John of having a demon, and they accuse Jesus of being a drunkard. Nothing is good enough for these people, no matter how many types of prophets God sends to them. They are stubborn-hearted and set in their ways. But wisdom will be justified by her deeds; that is, the rightness of their teaching will eventually be justified by the fruit it bears and the victory it attains.

(3) "Then he began to denounce the cities where most of his mighty works had been done, because they did not repent" (Verse 20). Finally, the fact that these cities refused to turn from their ways in the face of such astonishing miracles is further proof that they just didn't get it. They knew that Jesus was an amazing person, perhaps even a prophet. But the kind of knowledge that is necessary for repentance and faith was sorely lacking. It will be more bearable for Sodom on the last day, than for these unrepentant cities.

In case you are feeling a bit pessimistic about this fallen world and its perpetual darkness, remember there is a sign of hope after all this. In true prophetic fashion, Jesus concludes this segment of righteous indignation and warning with a message of genuine hope and invitation (verses 28-30). May we consider the sad reality of this dark world and be motivated to turn back to Christ, whose arms remain open to welcome us to a true knowledge of himself:

Come to me, all who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you, and learn from me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light.

Have No Fear

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Matthew 10:26

So have no fear of them, for nothing is covered that will not be revealed, or hidden that will not be known.

...............

This chapter appears worlds away from the common experience of American Christians. Jesus gives directions for his Twelve apostles to go out for an itinerant ministry of healing and teaching. He then gives his second teaching discourse, focusing on the eventual persecution to be faced by the early church. Let's first consider the potential causes of fear in the persecuted believers, then we will look at the command to "have no fear," and the motivating reasons that can keep us from fear in the face of trials.

(1) The Potential for Fear in the midst of Persecution.

Jesus sends out his followers and says that our experience in the world will be like "sheep amongst wolves." We are surrounded by fearful dangers, a world that is essentially in opposition to the claims of Christ and His kingdom. We are told to "beware of men" who will drag believers into court, make false accusations, and deliver some to death. The history of the early church which we now know is filled with these kinds of stories. And, the unfortunate reality is that this kind of danger continues to face believers all over the world. (Check out www.persecution.com for a clear picture of this present reality).

This chapter carries a heavy tone about it, and it should be clear to the reader that this persecution is a heart-breaking byproduct of the universal curse of sin which has infected every person on the planet. Our world is broken, from the actions of nations to the inner thoughts of the smallest child. We carry in us the very image of God (Gen 1:26-27), but it has been torn and tattered through generations of self-worship (see Rom. 1 for a rundown of the effects of sin on the world).

Topping off all this human wickedness, Jesus comes with a sword (10:34), perhaps an allusion to the intrinsically offensive character of the call to repentance. My own speculation is that the "sword" is something like a scalpel, and that the household dissensions caused by the gospel can be likened to the pain of surgery. The Physician has entered a wounded humanity with a message that is sharper than any two-edged sword, which divides soul and spirit, joints and marrow, "discerning the thoughts and intentions of the heart" (Heb. 4:12). It is only through such pain that healing and salvation can come.

What courage do we have in ministry in the midst of this broken and dangerous world?

(2) Motivations to Have No Fear

Jesus does not leave us in despair concerning the persecution that will surely come to his followers. Verses 26-33 especially give us a list of reasons to "have no fear" in our ministry to those around us.

Justice will eventually be done. "For nothing is covered that will not be revealed, or hidden that will not be revealed" (10:26). We are to have no fear in our trials because we know the truth that God is judge and will bring everyone to account for their every word and deed. All injustice will be uncovered at the final judgment. We can have real courage in the face of persecution because we know that God is just and will vindicate his adopted children.

Our enemies cannot kill the soul. "And do not fear those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather fear him who can destroy both soul and body in hell" (10:28). We are to have no fear in our trials because we know the truth that our souls are eternally secure, preserved by the almighty hands of our Maker and Redeemer. Rather, we are to have a proper fear of God, who can kill the soul as well as the body. This may be yet another allusion to the Justice that will be done, when God will bring eternal condemnation on His enemies, sealing the rebellious fate they have deserved.

God's children are valuable to Him. "Fear not, therefore; you are of more value than many sparrows" (10:31). Verses 29-31 have been an encouragement to many believers over the centuries. And, while we should never allow the concept of human value to morph into some man-centered religion (as if Jesus died for us only because of our great value), there is a real comfort here in knowing that my heavenly Father likes me! He loves me! The Fatherhood of God is not incidental to our relationship with Him; it is fundamental. And, just as earthly fathers allow trials and challenges to come into the lives of their children, they still remain fathers, and (the good ones at least) will never leave their post as protectors and saviors (see Ps 121 for a reminder of God's character in this respect).

I pray that you and I will not be ashamed of proclaiming the Word of God in a dangerous world, because we know these three unchangeable truths: Justice will be done, our enemies cannot kill the soul, and we are valuable children in the arms of the most loving Father imaginable.

Who is Righteous?

Psalm 5:12

For you bless the righteous, O Lord;
you cover him with favor as with a shield.

...............

On first reading, this sounds like salvation by works. The Psalms contain many verses that sound that way, especially when David is banking on his integrity in order to obtain God's protection in some dire circumstance. But, does this verse really mean that God gives his favor to those who have made themselves righteous? God helps those who help themselves?

Two reasons from this very chapter that go against that notion:

(1) The immediate context (verse 11) reads,

But let all who take refuge in you rejoice;
let them ever sing for joy,
and spread your protection over them,
that those who love your name may exult in you.

This puts the primacy on the power of God, not man. The order of things is, first, we should take refuge in God and find our joy in Him. Then, we are considered righteous and receive his favor and protection. Here is, yet again, a reference to "heart-religion" in the fact that "those who love your name" is the description of those who seek refuge in God and are therefore considered righteous. Genuine love for God, and trust in his protection, will proceed any state of rightness with him.

(2) Verses 9 and 10, along with their reference in Romans 3.

For there is no truth in their mouth;
there inmost self is destruction;
their throat is an open grave;
they flatter with their tongue.
Make them bear their guilt, O God;
let them fall by their own counsels;
because of the abundance of their transgressions cast them out,
for they have rebelled against you.

Here again, we get the general vibe that David is justifying himself in the face of his enemies' threats, willing to confess his hatred of them, and then calling down the judgment of God upon them. Should we emulate such "hatred?" I believe the answer is NO.

This passage is used by Paul to under gird his argument in Romans that "all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God" (Rom. 3:23). The curse of sin is all-pervasive, touching every person who ever lived and binding them all together under the just wrath of God. We have all rebelled, not just David's enemies. None are righteous, "no not one." Yet another reason to say that Psalm 5 is no encouragement for us to trust in our own righteousness and walk around with an attitude of self-righteous indignation and bravado. Rather, we should fly to the refuge that God has provided - his own house (5:7). While we deserve to be cast out because of the "abundance of [our] transgressions" (5:10), we have received, in Christ, quite the opposite:

But I, through the abundance of your steadfast love,
will enter your house.