From Doubt to Certainty

Luke 24:11, 52-53

But these words seemed to them an idle tale, and they did not believe them...

And they worshiped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy, and were continually in the temple blessing God.

...............

We have reached the end of Luke's gospel account, and in many ways we are seeing the culmination of his opening thesis:

Inasmuch as many have undertaken to compile a narrative of the things that have been accomplished among us, just as those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and ministers of the word have delivered them to us, it seemed good to me also, having followed all things closely for some time past, to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, that you may have certainty concerning the things you have been taught.  (1:1-4)

Luke promised certainty, and he aimed to use eyewitness accounts and structured writing in order to achieve that end. Now after 24 chapters, we have traced the life, work, trials, and death of Jesus with incredible degrees of detail and order. Luke has delivered as promised, but this final chapter reveals that doubts are persistent things, even for those who were closest to Jesus. We already saw how his followers and enemies alike abandoned him in his hour of greatest need. In chapter 24, they will need some final evidence to take them from doubt to certainty.

The evidence needed for true faith is a balance of both reason and experience, with the foundation of both being God's Word. In other words, faith starts with the God who is there and is not silent, and we take hold of this faith by reason and experience. In this chapter, the experience is seeing, hearing, and even touching the risen body of Jesus, which displays his deity and power as well as his closeness and love.

And he said to them, “Why are you troubled, and why do doubts arise in your hearts?  See my hands and my feet, that it is I myself. Touch me, and see. For a spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see that I have.” (24:38-39)

In the same chapter, we see Jesus explaining his death and resurrection to the two disciples on the road to Emmaus.

And beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, he interpreted to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning himself. (24:27)

Now, both the reasoning and the sensory experience were grounded in God's Word, without which we would have no basis to trust our senses or our rationality. In other words, to think and to feel and come to truth about reality, there must be an infinite personal God from whom these human capacities derive. We are made in his image, and he designed us to both think and feel to understand the world around us. But only in the context of his personal involvement in our lives, through His Spirit and by his written word.

In my life, I have swung back and forth between these two ways to know truth. I became a Christian at age 16, coming out of typical teenage angst and being introduced to God's love in a very emotional way, via Pentecostal worship. All I knew at that point was that God was real, present, and the only source of unconditional love. But I couldn't prove anything about him besides the feeling I had.

Years later, I arrived at Seminary searching for more solid answers. Previously, I had approached the Bible as a mystic source book, reading to find hidden meanings in the obscure details. Now, I learned about systematic theology, where the whole bible is broken into exhaustive categories and put in logical order. I read Romans for the first time, learning that my peace with God was not merely a peaceful feeling, but really a peace treaty, signed in the blood that was shed at the cross, in real space and time (Rom. 5:1). God's love for me was objective and as unchanging as the historically documented cross and empty tomb.

But as the pendulum swung, I began to lose my urgency in prayer. The dynamic relational aspect of my walk with God had been downplayed as I became more interested in philosphical arguments and proofs. I was forgetting that, while Truth is propositional, Truth is also a Person.

The disciples were still struggling with doubt when Jesus showed up in his resurrected glory. By the end of the chapter they were worshiping with joy and blessing God in the temple! What changed them was a Savior who explained the Truth and embodied the Truth, engaging both their hearts and their minds.

I pray that I continue to grow on this journey to love my Savior with both my mind and heart. He is worth explaining and defending intellectually. And he is worth seeking personally as a friend and father. Luke's gospel account leaves us with both challenges. Will we heed the historical claims of Jesus' deity and atoning death? And will we respond to the Truth with worship and joy in the context of a dynamic relationship?

Paradise!

Luke 23:35-43

And the people stood by, watching, but the rulers scoffed at him, saying, “He saved others; let him save himself, if he is the Christ of God, his Chosen One!” The soldiers also mocked him, coming up and offering him sour wine and saying, “If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself!” There was also an inscription over him, “This is the King of the Jews.” One of the criminals who were hanged railed at him, saying, “Are you not the Christ? Save yourself and us!” But the other rebuked him, saying, “Do you not fear God, since you are under the same sentence of condemnation? And we indeed justly, for we are receiving the due reward of our deeds; but this man has done nothing wrong.” And he said, “Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom.” And he said to him, “Truly, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise.”

...............

The rulers. The soldiers. The crowds. His closest friends. And now a condemned thief.

All betraying, murdering, and mocking the Son of God. Save yourself! they all cried, as if they deserved to be shown proof of his majesty and power. Surely the pride of man that began with Adam seeking to have knowledge like God's is now culminated in this humiliation of God hanging powerless on a tree. All thanks to the cruel wisdom and power of men.

Except, there were some unlikely friends at the cross. A man from the council named Joseph, and a handful of women, made sure that Jesus' body was cared for and respectfully buried. A centurion standing guard over the execution proclaimed Jesus' innocence, surely a sign that some grasped the injustice being committed. 

And the thief. Certainly the boldest of these friendly characters, the thief saw the absurdity of mocking this innocent man, especially when the thief was getting exactly what he deserved. 

But the other rebuked him, saying, “Do you not fear God, since you are under the same sentence of condemnation? And we indeed justly, for we are receiving the due reward of our deeds; but this man has done nothing wrong.”

The second thief responded with fear of God when everyone else, even Jesus' disciples, were either running away or openly mocking this Savior. They mocked him even while admitting he had saved others by powerful acts and signs. How their pride constrasts so starkly with the fearful humility of the second thief!

And then Jesus responds to the thief's simple faith with one of the most precious and profound gifts he could utter:

Truly, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise

Paradise! Reunion with our Maker! Final peace with God! Given simply and freely to a bleeding criminal. All he had to do was ask for it and be willing to associate himself with this foolish-looking Savior.

Today, we Christians are called to follow in this man's footsteps. Two passages in the epistles specifically call our attention to Christ's ultimate sacrifice: Phillipians 2 and Hebrews 12. These chapters highlight that Jesus humbled himself as a servant, died an unjust death for us, but also that he was motivated by the joy of Paradise set before him. And both passages go on to challenge us to persevere in trials and not give in to our temptation to grumble and complain. In closing, read these two other chapters and see how the apostles interpreted and used the story of the crucifixion to turn our eyes away from earthly pains toward eternal joys in Paradise. I pray that I could have the faith of that thief, who took an opportunity for mocking and grumbling and chose instead to ask for Paradise.

Philippians 2:5-16

Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus, who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. Therefore, my beloved, as you have always obeyed, so now, not only as in my presence but much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling, for it is God who works in you, both to will and to work for his good pleasure. Do all things without grumbling or disputing, that you may be blameless and innocent, children of God without blemish in the midst of a crooked and twisted generation, among whom you shine as lights in the world, holding fast to the word of life, so that in the day of Christ I may be proud that I did not run in vain or labor in vain.

Hebrews 12:1-3 ESV

Therefore, since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us also lay aside every weight, and sin which clings so closely, and let us run with endurance the race that is set before us, looking to Jesus, the founder and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God. Consider him who endured from sinners such hostility against himself, so that you may not grow weary or fainthearted.

Betrayed

Luke 22:59-62

And after an interval of about an hour still another insisted, saying, "Certainly this man also was with him, for he too is a Galilean." But Peter said, "Man, I do not know what you are talking about." And immediately, while he was still speaking, the rooster crowed. And the Lord turned and looked at Peter. And Peter remembered the saying of the Lord, how he had said to him, "Before the rooster crows today, you will deny me three times." And he went out and wept bitterly. 

Romans 1:16

For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek.

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In Luke 22, we are approaching the climax of the passion story which began with the triumphal entry into Jerusalem and which will culminate in an unjust execution and the vindication of the empty tomb. Here, Jesus shares a last meal and a final night of prayer with his closest friends - men who clearly still don't grasp this savior's character and mission. They bicker about who will be greatest. They sleep through the hour of his greatest loneliness. They pull out swords when they should have gone to death alongside Jesus. They betray him - some for sake of money, some because they mistook him for a political savior, and some just to save face and protect themselves.

Peter, of all people, should have known better. He was perhaps closest to Jesus and heard him foretell his death and resurrection several times. This very night, Jesus had reminded them of his plan and purpose, even warning Peter personally that he would be tempted to betray him. And, Peter claimed he would go to death for him. How quickly we eat our words!

We should note that this admission of failed faith in the disciples is one of many reasons to trust the authenticity of the Gospel accounts. If the early church were fabricating a story to win more followers, it would have been far from intuitive to paint their top leaders as cowards and betrayers! Especially in comparison to other ancient literature, this was a uniquely candid eyewitness account that Luke was providing, warts and all.

There is hope for us in this chapter, but also a warning. Hope, in that we too can stumble and still be used by a kind and merciful savior, even in great and influential ways. Hope, in that our sin is never greater than our savior, who loves to restore his children and welcome them back into his purpose for their life. Hope, in that this gospel message, however foolish it appears to the world, is truly the power of God for our salvation! It is good news for stubborn, cowardly, shameful hearts!

But there is a warning too. A warning to keep alert rather than sleep through the moment of trial. A warning that there will be times when it is unpopular to stand for what is right, when people will question whether we trust in this foolish message. A warning that we will be tempted to take the easy road when times get tough and Jesus is getting mocked.

I pray for new courage Lord! I fail to love my friends and my enemies. I gossip, I complain, and I wish misfortune on others so that I can feel better about myself. I hide my faith when it's not cool or when I fear what others might think. I'm not consistent in my work or even in doing chores at home to serve the people I love most! I can't even live up to my own standards and desires. I am ashamed of the One who was not ashamed to call me his child. Lord, change this heart and give new courage, new power, new motivation - to go with you wherever you lead and shamelessly live before you, as I know I will stand before you one day and give an account for every word said in jest and every thoughtless deed. On that day, I pray I will have nothing to be ashamed of.

Standing Witness

Luke 21:10-19

Then he said to them, "Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be great earthquakes, and in various places famines and pestilences. And there will be terrors and great signs from heaven. But before all this they will lay their hands on you and persecute you, delivering you up to the synagogues and prisons, and you will be brought before kings and governors for my name's sake. This will be your opportunity to bear witness. Settle it therefore in your minds not to meditate beforehand how to answer, for I will give you a mouth and wisdom, which none of your adversaries will be able to withstand or contradict. You will be delivered up even by parents and brothers and relatives and friends, and some of you they will put to death. You will be hated by all for my name's sake. But not a hair of your head will perish. By your endurance you will gain your lives.

...............

In Luke 21, Jesus speaks again as a prophet with specific warnings about the days to come following his death and resurrection. I considered spending some time elaborating on my views of the end times, explaining how what is called Preterism may shed light on passages like verse 32, where these earth-shattering predictions are promised to take place within one generation. But I feel particularly drawn to verses 10-19, especially verses 14-15:

"Settle it therefore in your minds not to meditate beforehand how to answer, for I will give you a mouth and wisdom, which none of your adversaries will be able to withstand or contradict." (Luke 21:14, 15)

To me, this is surprising. The whole context of this passage appears to be about readiness. Jesus is preparing his followers, equipping them for the dire challenges they are soon to face. Why tell them to NOT meditate on their answers or what they will say to their accusers? I can think of a few answers:

1. Silence. Perhaps Jesus was encouraging them to be silent in the face of persecution. This is, in fact, what Jesus modeled for us at his own trial before Herod and Pilate. He was like a lamb who was silent before the slaughter. On the other hand, this very passage makes clear that persecution should be met with not just silence, but seen as opportunity to witness. Jesus promises that he himself will provide the words and wisdom which will confound our enemies and leave them with nothing to say in reply.

2. Mindless answers. Since we are encouraged to bear witness, but not to meditate beforehand on our answers, perhaps this passage is telling us to have a radical reliance on the illumination of the Holy Spirit in the heat of the moment, and in such a way that all faculties of the mind are ignored and exchanged for an ecstatic channeling of the power of God. This passage does not elaborate on how much of our mental faculty should be used to witness to the resurrection, but there is ample evidence elsewhere. There is the example of Paul, who defended the resurrection throughout the book of Acts in the courts of Roman officials and then later exposited the logic of the gospel in letters to the Romans and Colossians. And then there is the simple command stated in 1 Peter 3:15, which seems to work against Jesus in this instance:

"but in your hearts honor Christ the Lord as holy, always being prepared to make a defense to anyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is in you; yet do it with gentleness and respect," (1 Peter 3:15)

So, if we are not to be merely silent, and if we know our minds must be engaged in the work of defending and witnessing to the gospel story, what exactly does Jesus mean by encouraging us to NOT prepare answers beforehand?

3. Peacefully Prepared. The balanced answer we seek may simply be that Jesus was speaking words of gracious concern for a collection of followers who were racked with anxiety about the coming trials they faced. By telling them not to meditate beforehand, he was reminding them that God Almighty was on their side and would not fail them, no matter how weak and inadequate they felt as they stood before the rulers of this world. As Jesus' own example shows in this passage, we are to seriously consider and prepare for the trials that lie ahead. But at the same time, our preparations and answers will never be sufficient without the indwelling power and wisdom of the Holy Spirit, who works with our minds to give an answer that our adversaries will not be able to withstand or contradict. 

Paul sums up this kind of peaceful preparation in his first letter to Corinth. May we find the foolishness of the cross of Christ to truly be the wisdom and power of God, especially in the face of our trials and persecutions:

Where is the one who is wise? Where is the scribe? Where is the debater of this age? Has not God made foolish the wisdom of the world? For since, in the wisdom of God, the world did not know God through wisdom, it pleased God through the folly of what we preach to save those who believe. For Jews demand signs and Greeks seek wisdom, but we preach Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and folly to Gentiles, but to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. For the foolishness of God is wiser than men, and the weakness of God is stronger than men. (1 Corinthians 1:20-25)

Spheres of Authority

Luke 20:19-26

The scribes and the chief priests sought to lay hands on him at that very hour, for they perceived that he had told this parable against them, but they feared the people. So they watched him and sent spies, who pretended to be sincere, that they might catch him in something he said, so as to deliver him up to the authority and jurisdiction of the governor. So they asked him, "Teacher, we know that you speak and teach rightly, and show no partiality, but truly teach the way of God. Is it lawful for us to give tribute to Caesar, or not?" But he perceived their craftiness, and said to them, "Show me a denarius. Whose likeness and inscription does it have?" They said, "Caesar's." He said to them, "Then render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's." And they were not able in the presence of the people to catch him in what he said, but marveling at his answer they became silent. 

...............

If Jesus had a Facebook account, this would have been the perfect moment for him to post a pithy political argument or lambast the government of his day. If Luke, the reporter here, had an axe to grind against the first century Roman authority, this would have been a great time to strike out against the heathen state. But, they didn't. In fact, the New Testament here and throughout is strangely devoid of political commentary, choosing rather to respect and honor the pagan state in multiple passages.

In Luke 20, the religious leaders were salivating over their own cleverness: they had devised the perfect unanswerable question, which, in their minds, had only two damnable responses.

"Should believers pay taxes to an ungodly government?"

Response 1: Yes, because the government has authority over religious institutions - the government is the de facto highest human authority. 

Now, you and I know that Jesus would never say this. But, the leaders would have jumped on any affirmative response as an affirmation of a heathen king, which would call Jesus' loyalty to God into question. Any association with Caesar would be a repudiation of Jesus and his ministry.

Response 2: No, because religious institutions have the ultimate authority over human government - the temple or church is the highest authority.

Again, Jesus would never say that, but again, any answer in the negative would have been twisted into an insurrectionist claim. The religious leaders would have their immediate open door to turn Jesus over to the Romans and see him finally dealt with.

These two answers represent the typical confusion over spheres of authority in every generation, whether the first century or the 21st. To demand that either the church or the state have final authority is a basic misunderstanding of how the world has been structured by God to function in various spheres. 

The Bible describes at least three spheres or categories of human authority: the family, the church, and the state. There are two main ways to understand the relationship between these spheres:

1. Sphere Subsidiarity

2. Sphere Sovereignty

The first option is the narrow view of the Jewish leaders in Jesus' day, who could only conceive of one overriding human institution which must have authority over all others. This view has prevailed at various times in human history, notably in the Middle Ages when the Roman Catholic Church exercised immense political authority, enforced religious practice with state power, and fundamentally undermined the essence of the good news of Christ by replacing the message of reconciliation with the sword of government coercion.

The second option for how to understand the spheres is to see each as independently sovereign in their own area of influence. In this model, one person could hold positions of authority in multiple spheres, but would exercise that authority differently in each. A man could have authority in his family by leading his wife and children with servant-hearted decision making (Eph 5:22-6:4), while equipping and guiding his church as an elder and shepherd (Eph 4:1-5:21), while simultaneously serving God as a faithful employer or civic leader (Eph 6:5-9).

Notice that God alone is the ultimate authority in ALL these spheres (Matt. 28:18-20), so each of these are truly spiritual and sacred in essence. What humans accomplish in these spheres is truly worship and service to him, which undercuts anyone who might think their particular church or state position of authority makes them more pleasing or valuable in God's kingdom.

So, how can we apply this concept of sphere sovereignty today? Notice how Jesus replies to the religious leaders: 

Then render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's.

Jesus is not implying that God and Caesar are separate but equal authorities. What he is stating here is that the temple and Caesar are separate and valid authorities, each with its own influence and jurisdiction. God is over them both, but the temple or church has no business exerting authority over state taxes. Again, God informs people in his word on how we should function in community under human government, but he did not create His church as an institution to make decisions in that sphere. In other words, I can be a Christian serving God in paying my taxes, serving in the military (Luke 3:10-14), or respecting and praying for my nation and even honoring and submitting to its ungodly leaders (1 Peter 2:13-17; 1 Tim 2:1-7; Rom 13:1-7). There will be times when my Spirit-informed conscience cannot allow me to obey a certain law or regulation, but these will be exceptions to the rule. Even in these cases, we have glorious examples in history to help us navigate the times when spheres of authority overlap and conflict:

-Martin Luther and other 16th Century reformers refused to submit to Catholic political authority when the gospel itself was in jeopardy.  These men put God's Word in the common language and reaffirmed the sacredness of family and work, often at great expense to their own lives. We enjoy great freedom today thanks to the price they paid.

-Roger Williams, John Leland, and other early Americans carried the reformation to the next level by influencing leaders at a moment in history when a new nation was being formed and religious liberty could be written into the fabric of our constitution and our national conscience.

-William Wilberforce saw his position of state authority as a sacred trust and led a lifetime quest to end slavery in Britain, serving God by using government authority to extend love and justice to those made in God's image, regardless of race or color.

-Eric Liddell delayed a call to missions because he knew God had called him to Olympic track running. His refusal to run in an Olympic event on a Sunday was how he put God's authority over that of the state, declining the king's direct request with respect and dignity. God honored his choice and he went on to be a sports legend and eventually gave his life in the mission field.

-Deitreich Bonhoeffer, as a last resort in a desperate time, practiced civil disobedience by conspiring to overthrow the vile Nazi regime in Germany. He was arrested and executed for his attempts, but he is remembered for his prophetic voice and courageous stand against a thoroughly corrupt and unjust state.

Notice how each time and place may require a different approach. At times, we can strive to further God's kingdom within our government through activism, influence, or holding office. At other times, a government authority may be so corrupt and antithetical to a godly moral order that Christians may be called to physically fight for freedom and justice, though not at the direction of a religious authority or institution.

The complexity and nuances of sphere sovereignty require sensitivity and discernment. But the effort pays off in a comprehensive vision for the authority of Jesus in all things, the sacredness of every human endeavor, and the absolute necessity for each sphere of life to function independently of the authority of the other. I pray that each of us learn, not to trap each other in power plays between spheres of authority, like the religious leaders attempted with Jesus, but to render to the family what is the family's, to the church what is the church's, and to the state what is the state's - all under the good and ultimate authority of God alone.

The Weeping King

Luke 19:37, 38, 41

As he was drawing near—already on the way down the Mount of Olives— the whole multitude of his disciples began to rejoice and praise God with a loud voice for all the mighty works that they had seen, saying, "Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the Lord! Peace in heaven and glory in the highest!" 

And when he drew near and saw the city, he wept over it...

...............

What are things that make me weep?

Exhaustion, weariness, frustrated plans, shame over my own sin, sympathy for a friend who is painfully sick or mourning the loss of family. These are all fitting things to weep over.  But, how frequently do I weep for the spiritual condition of my city? For the blindness that causes people to curse God or simply ignore his kindness in their lives.

Why does a king weep?

In Luke 19, Jesus enters Jerusalem with a throng of supporters declaring his coming kingship. Luke describes this crowd by citing their eager expectation of an immediate political regime change (19:11). We then see the symbols of the donkey and the palm branches, traditional elements of coronation ceremonies in that culture. And the Pharisees demand that Jesus put a stop to what they see as treason and blasphemy and insurrection! But Jesus accepts the adoration, for it is perfectly fitting - a foretaste of his eventual exaltation.

Eventual.

In the meantime, he must face the cross and death and the penalty of mankind's sin - all for a wicked, ungrateful, and blind generation. That's enough to make a king weep, which is exactly what he proceeds to do.

He weeps for one reason: their judgment is coming, and they are too blind to see that he himself is the way of escape. The time of his visitation is arrived, but they bicker and quarrel. The Creator himself has come down and revealed the beauty and power of heaven! And they sell animals in the temple for a quick profit. The pathway to peace is among them, but they choose strife, pride, envy, greed, and violent abuse of enemy and friend alike. 

Jesus weeps for them, even as they stand rightly condemned before his holiness and authority. The king has come down from his throne to die like a lamb for those who barely pay attention or notice.

Do I weep for those not worthy of tears? If not, then do I really know the heart of God?

Waiting for His Return

Luke 17:20-21

Being asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God would come, he answered them, “The kingdom of God is not coming in ways that can be observed, nor will they say, ‘Look, here it is!’ or ‘There!’ for behold, the kingdom of God is in the midst of you.”

...............

Luke 17 includes an extending section answering the question of when and where the coming of the kingdom will take place. I'd like to walk through these verses and simply summarize what I think each verse is saying about Jesus' second coming. I am being intentionally simplistic, because I believe Jesus has revealed only a limited glimpse of what the end times will be like - but he's revealed enough that it should shape our life today:

1. Being asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God would come, he answered them, "The kingdom of God is not coming with signs to be observed, nor will they say, "Look, here it is!" or "There!" for behold, the kingdom of God is in the midst of you." (v 20-21)

- The kingdom has already come in some measure, quietly and unnoticed by most, even though it is right in our midst.

2. And he said to the disciples, "The days are coming when you will desire to see one of the days of the Son of Man, and you will not see it. (v 22)

- We will long for His return, but we may be waiting longer than expected. The delay may be painful, especially in the face of persecution.

3. And they will say to you, "Look, there!" or "Look, here!" Do not go out or follow them. For as the lightning flashes and lights up the sky from one side to the other, so will the Son of Man be in his day. (v 23-24)

- Though already here in some aspects, it is also yet to come in its fullness; there will be false predictions and "over-realizations" of His coming throughout history, but we must keep a level head and sober mind at all times.

4. But first he must suffer many things and be rejected by this generation. (v 25)

- The king and His kingdom are inaugurated through suffering; the nature of His rule will begin humbly and continue to be characterized not by might, but by servant hearts who walk in the way of the cross.

5. Just as it was in the days of Noah, so will it be in the days of the Son of Man. They were eating and drinking and marrying and being given in marriage, until the day when Noah entered the ark, and the flood came and destroyed them all. Likewise, just as it was in the days of Lot—they were eating and drinking, buying and selling, planting and building, but on the day when Lot went out from Sodom, fire and sulfur rained from heaven and destroyed them all— so will it be on the day when the Son of Man is revealed. (v 26-30)

- There will be a final judgment and mankind will be surprised when the black shadow of their sin is finally understood in contrast to the light of His holiness and glory.

6. On that day, let the one who is on the housetop, with his goods in the house, not come down to take them away, and likewise let the one who is in the field not turn back. Remember Lot's wife. Whoever seeks to preserve his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life will keep it. (v 31-33)

- Our understanding of the nature and progress of this kingdom should produce a present lifestyle characterized by a willingness to forgo earthly rights and possessions - a readiness to leave this world for the better world to come, and never look back.

7. I tell you, in that night there will be two in one bed. One will be taken and the other left. There will be two women grinding together. One will be taken and the other left." (v 34-35)

- Not everyone will be admitted to citizenship in this kingdom, and many will be surprised by who is who in the end. Though Jesus frequently reminded us of the ironic economy of "the first shall be last," each generation will largely fail to grasp this and fail to walk in the way of the cross.

8. And they said to him, "Where, Lord?" He said to them, "Where the corpse is, there the vultures will gather." (v 37)

- There will be no singular location for the final revealing of the kingdom. Where the "corpse" is may simply describe the universal decay and corruption resulting from the fall of mankind into rebellion against God. The "vulture" may simply represent the coming judgment of God.

Matthew, Mark. and Luke each chronicle the closing days of Jesus' earthly ministry by highlighting these judgment sayings. Jesus clearly wanted to equip his disciples with hope of his coming and confidence in light of persecution and perceived delay. We too can take heart knowing that He will come, and that His kingdom already makes progress among us, even if quietly and unnoticed by most. Though many will be surprised by their fate, for those who walk in the way of the cross there is eager longing for "one of the days of the Son of Man" - when His presence and reign will make all things new! May this vision and hope be our own and sustain us until the day he comes again:

Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away, and the sea was no more. And I saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, "Behold, the dwelling place of God is with man. He will dwell with them, and they will be his people, and God himself will be with them as their God. He will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death shall be no more, neither shall there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain anymore, for the former things have passed away." And he who was seated on the throne said, "Behold, I am making all things new." Also he said, "Write this down, for these words are trustworthy and true." And he said to me, "It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. To the thirsty I will give from the spring of the water of life without payment. The one who conquers will have this heritage, and I will be his God and he will be my son. But as for the cowardly, the faithless, the detestable, as for murderers, the sexually immoral, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars, their portion will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death." (Revelation 21:1-8 ESV)

Faith in His Mercy

Luke 18:6-8

And the Lord said, "Hear what the unrighteous judge says. And will not God give justice to his elect, who cry to him day and night? Will he delay long over them? I tell you, he will give justice to them speedily. Nevertheless, when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on earth?" 

...............

This chapter revolves around examples of true faith, and each example defines faith as utter dependence upon the mercy of almighty God.

1. The widow. The first example of the persistent widow connects faith and mercy explicitly. Jesus teaches that our God will surely hear the cries of his people for justice. But then he questions whether such cries are even happening - "will he find faith on earth?" We are called to be like the persistent widow, who proved her faith in God's mercy by the unrelenting nature of her prayers. She persevered to the end and saw the merciful character of God proved true.

The rub: Is my lack of prayer because I don't believe He is merciful? And does this weak faith result from ignoring his word and not dwelling on his kind heart, displayed at the cross?

2. The tax collector. Along with persistence, our faith in God's mercy must be accompanied by undeserving humility. The Pharisee made a list of his successes. But God was more impressed with the taxman who knew he deserved nothing before a holy God.

But the tax collector, standing far off, would not even lift up his eyes to heaven, but beat his breast, saying, "God, be merciful to me, a sinner!" I tell you, this man went down to his house justified, rather than the other. For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but the one who humbles himself will be exalted." (Luke 18:13, 14)

The rub: Do I hope God will accept me for my list of good deeds, or because I simply have faith in his kindness toward the humble?

3. The children. The kids rushed to him, eager to see, hear, and touch this man who seemed to relate and sympathize with them in some unique way. The kids were often looked down upon in this culture, but Jesus saw them. He noticed them and paid attention to them. And Jesus defined true faith using the kids as his model and example: because they so unashamedly trusted him.

The rub: Do I come to him like a child, trusting he will accept me as I am?

4. The blind beggar. What if you had no possessions, no friends, no purpose, and no real hope that life will get any better? And no eyesight. You are blind. Then, you hear rumors of a healer who is both willing and able to make cripples well. And, he is walking toward you right now. How you respond in his presence will directly reflect what you believe about him. And this beggar responds in a way that perfectly fits his need and Jesus' ability to meet that need: "Son of David, have mercy on me!" His faith was dependent upon the reality of God's mercy.

The rub: Do I cry out persistently, humbly, like a child, like a beggar? Or am I the opposite? Occasional in prayer, self-reliant, presumed mature, secure in my comfortable lifestyle. Can this be faith? Can this be trust in the merciful character of God? Do I dwell on his mercies? Do I even believe in them?

Lord, remind me of your kindness. Let me never give up seeking You, learning about your mighty deeds and promises, and crying out for mercy on a daily basis. I am your child, you are my Father. I rely completely on you and stake all of my hope in your merciful love. Amen.

God and Money

Luke 16:10-13

"One who is faithful in a very little is also faithful in much, and one who is dishonest in a very little is also dishonest in much. If then you have not been faithful in the unrighteous wealth, who will entrust to you the true riches? And if you have not been faithful in that which is another's, who will give you that which is your own? No servant can serve two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and money." 

...............

You cannot serve God and money.

This statement seems simple enough. But world history and the story of our own hearts show there is much misunderstanding and distortion of this very topic. We are a species who regularly twist God's good gifts by either ignoring them or worshiping them - and both are sins. Money is no exception.

We see the worship and service of money on a daily basis. Workaholics, gluttons, Wall Street fat-cats, white collar criminals, blue collar criminals, street corner drug deals, endless commercialization - the greed of the human heart can be expressed in the overindulgence of luxurious mansions, in the bitter envy of the suburban "Jones's" next door, and even in the materially poor who may have become chronically dependent on substances and disability checks. Greed can be found in any human heart and we are all prone to it - prone to be consumed with what we want, rather than being grateful and generous with what we already have.

For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evils. It is through this craving that some have wandered away from the faith and pierced themselves with many pangs. (1 Timothy 6:10)

Here, Paul reminds us that money is a dangerous temptation that can lead us to all kinds of evil. Jesus makes the same point when he cautions that it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven. He also tells the parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus in this chapter to drive home this point. Money can easily take the place of God, luring us away from faith in him with empty promises that claim to satisfy our deepest desires. Money is so dangerous because the fantasy of limitless buying power seems to offer so much and distracts us from the (actually) limitless promises of love and life offered in the gospel.

But there is an opposite sin related to money - ignoring and devaluing it completely. Notice that Paul condemned the love of money - not money itself. Just because something is falsely worshiped does not mean it is not really a good thing created by God to be used for his glory. Sex can be worshiped too, but we know it is a good gift if enjoyed in the way He designed it to be enjoyed. Money, at its core, can be seen as not just morally neutral but actually good - a tool that was invented to make human creativity more efficient and productive. The cultural mandate of Genesis 1-2 conveys that having dominion and wise stewardship over the earth's resources is integral to what it means to bear God's image. We image him when we build, when we create, and even when we use money in wise and generous ways.

The parable of the dishonest manager in this chapter speaks to both the sin of greed and the sin of ignoring money completely. Jesus clearly calls the manager dishonest, thus highlighting his greed and sinful behavior. But his shrewdness and cleverness is commended and given as an example of wise dealing with money. He's saying "If the greedy liars of the world can manage to turn a bad situation for a profit, how much more should the sons of God be able to make wise decisions with the resources and opportunities they are given?" He says we should be faithful with money in this life so that we can be entrusted with true riches. In other words, when we keep a budget, save for retirement, invest in a business, and give generously, we are using scarce resources creatively to image God and prove our wise faithfulness before God.

We must model his wisdom in dealing with the good gift of money, while simultaneously running from the temptation to put all our hope in riches which will never satisfy the longings that only God himself can fulfill. To fail in either extreme is to sin against our Maker. Mark Driscoll sums it up this way: "Wealth is a wonderful tool and a horrible god."

Fortunately, the gospel provides the solution to our problems with riches. At the cross, Jesus gave up the riches of heaven to make us rich in eternal blessings:

For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though he was rich, yet for your sake he became poor, so that you by his poverty might become rich. (2 Corinthians 8:9)

We have been given limitless wealth in being given God's own Son! Paul says we now have every spiritual blessing in the heavenly realm (Eph. 1:3) and if he gave us his Son, how will he not also with him graciously give us all things! (Rom. 8:32). Likewise, we are now called to use our time and money wisely and generously, fleshing out this gospel of grace in our own lives day by day. By doing so, we show that our treasure is in heaven and others may turn from the false idol of money and find riches in Christ as well.

The Bitter Son Who Stayed

Luke 15:1, 2

Now the tax collectors and sinners were all drawing near to hear him. And the Pharisees and the scribes grumbled, saying, "This man receives sinners and eats with them."

Luke 15:25-32

"Now his older son was in the field, and as he came and drew near to the house, he heard music and dancing. And he called one of the servants and asked what these things meant. And he said to him, "Your brother has come, and your father has killed the fattened calf, because he has received him back safe and sound." But he was angry and refused to go in. His father came out and entreated him, but he answered his father, "Look, these many years I have served you, and I never disobeyed your command, yet you never gave me a young goat, that I might celebrate with my friends. But when this son of yours came, who has devoured your property with prostitutes, you killed the fattened calf for him!" And he said to him, "Son, you are always with me, and all that is mine is yours. It was fitting to celebrate and be glad, for this your brother was dead, and is alive; he was lost, and is found." 

...............

It was tempting to focus today's meditation on the parts of the chapter where forgiveness, compassion, and joy are so colorfully portrayed. The shepherd rejoicing over his lost sheep, the woman rejoicing over the valuable coin she had searched for so diligently, and the emotional reunion of a patient father with his wayward son - these parables tug at our heart strings and whispers to us that God has reached across the chasm of human evil and welcomed us home to be his children forever. Few chapters of the Bible receive more attention and rightly so.

But, if the opening and closing statements of this chapter are any indicator, Luke appears to be drawing our attention not only to the mercy of our Abba Father, but to the folly of ignoring and spurning this mercy. Jesus is telling us that there is something about this heartwarming narrative that many people will ignore and even despise.

Perhaps what is considered folly here is the idea that God has welcomed even those that we ourselves hate and distrust. Jesus dined with sinners and tax collectors - the outcasts of his day. This was outlandish to the religious leaders.

Perhaps it was the quickness of God's mercy that struck the leaders. Jesus paints the older son in the place of the Pharisees, and his reaction to the feast for his brother is anything but positive. This feast seemed completely unfair and seemed to ignore completely the gravity of the younger son's shameful lifestyle. He had humiliated his father! Now he is being celebrated? And so quickly? So soon after the shame had took place? This was scandalous!

Perhaps what seemed so foolish to the religious leaders was that the gravitational center of their worldview was so publicly discarded by Jesus and his love for sinners. The older brother's objections revolved around himself! Where's my party? How about a goat? I've served you and I get nothing!

Which shows so clearly who they were really serving, doesn't it? They were serving themselves, even with all their knowledge of Scripture and zealous practice of rituals. It was about justifying themselves in the eyes of their Father, rather than admitting their utter inability and running to him for the unfair grace that he so freely offers.

Unfair grace.

It is unfair for the younger son to get a feast! Ever fiber of our sense of justice agrees with the older son. But that's because we have gotten things so wrong, and missed who is really at the center.

My confession is that I've often acted like the older son, especially at my job at Humana. I get pretty competitive sometimes, and I am often tempted to wish for the misfortune of others, rather than celebrate when they succeed, even if they are promoted or recognized before me or more than me. This feeling of envy is the opposite of Christlike love, as Schaeffer pointed out in his True Spirituality:

"Natural desires have become coveting against a fellow creature, one of our kind, a fellow man, when we have a mentality that would give us secret satisfaction at his misfortune. If a man has something, and he loses it, do we have an inward pleasure?"

To covet, envy, and lust for my own superiority is the height of self-idolatry and is utterly offensive to God. The lesson for us is to apply the picture of the younger son to our immediate context, instead of living out the self-righteousness of the older son.

For me, that means working at Humana in such a way that seeks the betterment of others, that serves them without expectation of return or even recognition. It means being more shocked at my selfish interest than I am shocked at God's unfair grace. It means trusting that the feast will come and that my Father himself alone is reward enough for life's trials and tests.

It means joining the feast, for it is really all about Him.

Towers, Wars, and Discipleship

Luke 14:25-33

Now great crowds accompanied him, and he turned and said to them, "If anyone comes to me and does not hate his own father and mother and wife and children and brothers and sisters, yes, and even his own life, he cannot be my disciple.  Whoever does not bear his own cross and come after me cannot be my disciple.  For which of you, desiring to build a tower, does not first sit down and count the cost, whether he has enough to complete it?  Otherwise, when he has laid a foundation and is not able to finish, all who see it begin to mock him,  saying, 'This man began to build and was not able to finish.'  Or what king, going out to encounter another king in war, will not sit down first and deliberate whether he is able with ten thousand to meet him who comes against him with twenty thousand?  And if not, while the other is yet a great way off, he sends a delegation and asks for terms of peace.  So therefore, any one of you who does not renounce all that he has cannot be my disciple.

...............

We are always glad to see a teaching that ends with a "therefore" because then we will know the main point, right? In this case, the main point is anyone who does not renounce all he has cannot be my disciple. Clear? Yes. Easy to understand? Hmm...

It sounds like Jesus is demanding that his followers abandon material things and all connection to this world. Even our most dearly held relationships - parents, spouses, children, and siblings - we are called to "hate." What can this possibly mean?

Well, we know from several other passages that we are to love our families (1 Tim. 5:8), our neighbors (Matt. 22:34-40) and even our enemies (Matt. 5:43-48), and that asceticism has no intrinsic value, since we could never renounce enough things to gain merit with a holy God or to make us more holy (Col. 2:16-23). And, while one of Luke's main themes is God's interest in the poor, he has repeatedly condemned religiosity that is external, petty, and self-righteous. Whatever this passage is saying, it cannot be an endorsement of thoughtless sacrifice of the needs of our families or a strict command to follow a monastic lifestyle.

But this passage is about following Christ as a disciple who puts Him over and above anything else. The use of the tower and battle metaphors should tell us a few clear things about the nature of this call to discipleship:

1. This is big, so you better think about it first. Don't approach Christianity as just one option in a buffet of religious choices. This is a decision that will change the course of your life and may require the ultimate sacrifice. Think first and consider how big this is.

2. This will be costly, so prepare yourself.  There is a death that takes place when we put off our old selves and become identified with our suffering savior. In very tangible terms, Jesus told his followers that if the world hated him, they should expect to be hated too - and worse. The call to follow Christ will take dogged perseverance and faithfulness in the midst of weariness, pain, doubt, and fear. Our faith will be tried.

3. This will be worth it, so look to the finish line.  I am tempted to think that counting the cost is just a call to feel inadequate and be afraid of what horrors lie ahead in the Christian life - like God is saying "Man-up, its time to die!" But, no good or glory comes from this fear. What this passage reminds us is that we don't build unless there's a tower in mind. We don't fight the war unless there's a kingdom to defend. And we should face the cross of christian life, not as those without hope, but as those who believe in the empty tomb, the resurrection to eternal life, and the new heavens and new earth, where every tear and all sorrow will be no more.

So prepare yourself, by looking to the joy set before you in Christ.

Therefore, since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us also lay aside every weight, and sin which clings so closely, and let us run with endurance the race that is set before us, looking to Jesus, the founder and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God. Consider him who endured from sinners such hostility against himself, so that you may not grow weary or fainthearted. (Hebrews 12:1-3)

Judging Books by Their Covers

Luke 13:30

And behold, some are last who will be first, and some are first who will be last.

...............

We humans like to judge.

We judge people based on their skin color, their clothes, the kind of car they drive (or lack thereof), and any number of superficial factors that may or may not be someone's own choice.

Luke 13 contains several examples of misguided human judgment, and concludes with a glimpse into the far more accurate judgment of God.

1. We judge those who have experienced unexpected calamity. Verses 1-5 reveal that people assumed that those who suffered under the Roman government or some unfortunate death were somehow to blame by their own sin. This is not unlike some modern Christian groups who protest funerals, condemn those who suffer, or try to interpret natural disasters as specific judgments from God for various sinful lifestyles. Jesus immediately countered this false judgment with a reminder that ALL of us stand condemned apart from repentance and faith in God's saving power.

2. We judge those in the church who don't appear very fruitful. Verses 6-9 are about a fig tree, but really it's about not being hasty in our judgment of brothers and sisters who struggle in their faith or their lifestyle habits. Jesus reminds us that his judgment will come eventually, but in the meantime, let's give that person another chance to bear fruit.

3. We judge those with special needs. Verses 10-17 show that physical ailment was seen as a sign of God's disfavor. Jesus counters that this woman was really a victim of Satan's power to cripple - perhaps another way of saying that we are all cursed since Adam and equally susceptible to any number of painful circumstances. John 9 delves into this further, as Jesus countered the assumption that a man born blind must be suffering due to his sin, or his parents' sin. The truth was that the immediate cause of suffering or misfortune is less important than God's ultimate purpose of showing his glory in our weakness:

Jesus answered, "It was not that this man sinned, or his parents, but that the works of God might be displayed in him." (John 9:3)

The chapter ends with a glimpse into God's perfect judgment, which is not based on superficial things, but on the heart. Jesus tells us that many will choose the wide path, thinking they are saved and right with God. Many who are first will be last. When all is finally revealed, many of us may be very surprised.

Notice also the glimpse into Jesus' compassion as he laments over Jerusalem (13:31-35). God's judgment over the city was based on their rebellious hearts, rather than any superficial reason. And his judgment was full of grieving compassion, not petty hatred. Compassion and righteous judgment hang together, much like mercy and justice in the heart of God.

So, judgment is tricky, and often abused. But, I should note that just because it is often misguided, that does not imply we should never judge anyone. If we are slow to judgment, praying to understand each man's heart, and full of compassion, we may grow to judge our neighbor more accurately - exposing and confronting evil for the good of our neighbors and to the glory of a holy and just God.

I pray that I can receive the judgment advice from God that Samuel received long ago:

But the Lord said to Samuel, "Do not look on his appearance or on the height of his stature, because I have rejected him. For the Lord sees not as man sees: man looks on the outward appearance, but the Lord looks on the heart." (1 Samuel 16:7)

Motivated by God's Sovereign Care

Luke 12:4-7, 32-34

"I tell you, my friends, do not fear those who kill the body, and after that have nothing more that they can do. But I will warn you whom to fear: fear him who, after he has killed, has authority to cast into hell. Yes, I tell you, fear him! Are not five sparrows sold for two pennies? And not one of them is forgotten before God. Why, even the hairs of your head are all numbered. Fear not; you are of more value than many sparrows....

"Fear not, little flock, for it is your Father's good pleasure to give you the kingdom. Sell your possessions, and give to the needy. Provide yourselves with moneybags that do not grow old, with a treasure in the heavens that does not fail, where no thief approaches and no moth destroys. For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also."

.................

God is sovereign.

The Bible attests to this in many places, both explicitly or implicitly. He is sovereign over the grand design of human history, over the forces of nature, over the free moral agency of mankind, and even over the schemes of our Enemy. His sovereignty is both general and particular, impacting the vast span of the universe and the meticulous details of birds, hairs, food, and clothing, as described in this chapter of Luke.

There are at least two responses to the biblical claim that God is sovereign - Fear or Trust.

This passage connects God's sovereignty and our response in a couple of ways. The first is in the passage about persecution (v. 1-12). Jesus claims that God is sovereign in eventually judging the earth - bringing all secret things to light and determining the eternal fate of every soul based on whose kingdom they belong to. We are commanded to respond to this truth in reverent fear of our Judge. But the passage quickly turns to a reminder of God's care over the particulars of sparrows' breath and numbers of hairs. As the passage continues, we see that our response to this particular care will drive our response to persecution. If we ignore or forget God's sovereign care, we will fear others and ultimately be judged as lacking faith. But if we meditate of this sovereign care and respond with obedient trust, we will face our enemies without fear, knowing that our sovereign God will provide the words to say and ultimately guard our souls, even if our bodies perish.

Jesus teaches a parallel message linking our response to God's sovereignty and material possessions in verses 13-48. Again we are reminded of God's meticulous care over animal and plant life, so that we also will live without anxiety and respond in trust. Luke differs from Matthew in placing this passage between two additional admonitions against covetousness. The parable starting in verse 16 is meant to illustrate this truism from verse 15:

And he said to them, "Take care, and be on your guard against all covetousness, for one's life does not consist in the abundance of his possessions." (Luke 12:15)

By putting the "anxiety" passage in this context, Luke is furthering his Gospel's emphasis on generosity, and he is connecting our response to God's sovereignty with our response to material possessions. The degree to which we trust God to care deeply for our basic needs is also the degree to which we will be "rich" toward him and treasure Him above anything this world can offer (v. 21).

Lord, help me to dwell deeply on your meticulous care for me, and let that drive me to trust and obey with my life and my possessions. Help me to fear you more than any man, but to find great assurance that your care will motivate me to speak your name without shame and give of my possessions generously - for this is the kind of life that testifies to your glory, sovereignty, and personal care. Amen.

(re)Learning Who God Is

Luke 11:11-13

What father among you, if his son asks for a fish, will instead of a fish give him a serpent;  or if he asks for an egg, will give him a scorpion?  If you then, who are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will the heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him!"

...............

This chapter begins and ends with passages that challenge us to relearn the nature of God.

The first passage, on the surface, is just about prayer. But it is also about the nature of the One to whom we pray. And that nature is summed up in the word "father."

We are so removed from this first century Jewish context, but this characterization of God is just as radical today as it was then. Why else would Jesus have to appeal to these contrasting examples of bad friends and bad fathers who know how to give good earthly gifts? He is having to help us unlearn and then relearn who God is - really learning for the very first time that God is an abundantly generous and attentive father who listens and cares for his children. The contrast is both quantitative ("how much more") and qualitative (fish/egg vs. Holy Spirit). God is not just a father, but the preeminent father par excellence.

The chapters closes with another passage that challenges prevailing notions of who God is:

While Jesus was speaking, a Pharisee asked him to dine with him, so he went in and reclined at table. The Pharisee was astonished to see that he did not first wash before dinner. (Luke 11:37-38)

At this dinner table, we are confronted with a vision of God that threatens our religious habits and preconceived notions of what is right and proper in the eyes of God. Ceremonial hand washing appears to have been so basic to Jewish decorum that neglecting to do so was astonishing. Again, what is really going on here is a revelation of God's character in contrast to the notions of the time, even among the religious leaders, who should have known better.

Why does this misconception of God really matter? It seems like a small matter to mistake some aspect of God's character, like his fatherhood or his distaste for extra-biblical rituals. But, in fact, these blind spots in our vision of God are paramount and have severe repercussions, which is why Jesus reacts so strongly to the Pharisees. In their case, he uses the hand washing topic as a springboard to describe how their false metaphysical position has resulted in a litany of injustices and sins, often committed in the name of the God they had so grossly misunderstood.

We must strive to see God for who He really is, and thus avoid the woes of the Pharisees ourselves. Do I really grasp the Fatherhood of God, his generosity and grace, or his version of justice? Have I searched and submitted to God's Word in order to have a more balanced and accurate view of God's character? Because of the fall and the lingering affects of our sinful nature, this will not come naturally. In fact, it takes an act of God's Spirit to open our blind eyes to the truth of God's love and justice displayed in Christ.

I pray for the humility and faith I need to unlearn and relearn who He truly is. Fortunately, if we ask, seek, and knock on this door, we have assurance that this request will be met by a gracious Father who wants us to know Him and receive the good gift of Himself.

And I tell you, ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you.  For everyone who asks receives, and the one who seeks finds, and to the one who knocks it will be opened.  (Luke 11:9-10)

Won't You Be My Neighbor?

Luke 10:30-37

Jesus replied, "A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and he fell among robbers, who stripped him and beat him and departed, leaving him half dead.  Now by chance a priest was going down that road, and when he saw him he passed by on the other side.  So likewise a Levite, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side.  But a Samaritan, as he journeyed, came to where he was, and when he saw him, he had compassion.  He went to him and bound up his wounds, pouring on oil and wine. Then he set him on his own animal and brought him to an inn and took care of him.  And the next day he took out two denarii and gave them to the innkeeper, saying, 'Take care of him, and whatever more you spend, I will repay you when I come back.'  Which of these three, do you think, proved to be a neighbor to the man who fell among the robbers?"  He said, "The one who showed him mercy." And Jesus said to him, "You go, and do likewise."

...............

Interpreting parables is a notoriously difficult task. This parable in particular has been the victim of various allegorical interpretations over the course of church history which seek to find one-to-one correspondence for each and every character in the story. Such a method of interpretation requires far too much conjecture to be considered even close to the author's intent. Alternatively, there are four main principles for interpreting parables that should be employed, which I am here borrowing from Robert Stein's An Introduction to the Parables.

1. Seek the one main point of the parable.  Stein observes quite rightly that Jesus tended to reveal the main points of his parables in the opening and concluding remarks that frame the story. In this case, the story is framed by two questions (1) who is my neighbor? and (2) which of the three proved to be a neighbor to the man who fell among robbers? So, it is fair to say that the main point of the parable is related to the nature of neighborly love.

2. Seek to understand the historical context in which the parable was uttered. Since Jesus' parables are filled with gritty tangible imagery that is rooted in first century Palestinian culture, it is imperative that we try to gain some insight into what these images might have meant to their original audience. In this parable, the Samaritan was not the benevolent person we think of today, but rather a fiercely hated religious minority. As evidenced in Jesus' encounter with the woman at the well in John 4, Jews normally had no dealings with Samaritans. By seeing this context, we can grasp the shocking aspect of this parable, which makes us question our fundamental assumptions about what God requires of us in relation to our neighbor.

3. Seek to understand how the Evangelist interpreted the parable. This is somewhat easier to discern when there are multiple versions of a parable recorded in the synoptic Gospels. In this case, we can still put this parable in the context of the Evangelist's broader themes. Stein points out that this parable fits at least two of Luke's overall themes: (1) the love of God toward the outcasts of society, and (2) the call for the generous use of our possessions. The good Samaritan is exemplary in showing love for his religious and ethnic enemy and for showing great generosity without any expectation of reciprocity. These themes are fundamental to the uniquely unconditional grace of God displayed in the life and death of Jesus.

4. Seek what God is saying to us today through the parable. The immediate application for us today must be to include even our enemies in the definition of "neighbor" and act lovingly at every opportunity. Who is the Samaritan for us today and how specifically can we love like he did? I will conclude the way Stein does in his chapter on the matter:

"For whom should we especially prove to be a neighbor? Is it our cranky next-door neighbor? Is it the starving child in a far off land whose name we do not know? Is it the person next door who just lost a job? Or is it...? Until the parable speaks to us on this level, we shall never know what it is teaching."

Counting the Cost

Luke 9:23-26
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And he said to all, "If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me.  For whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it.  For what does it profit a man if he gains the whole world and loses or forfeits himself?  For whoever is ashamed of me and of my words, of him will the Son of Man be ashamed when he comes in his glory and the glory of the Father and of the holy angels." 

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There is a cost to following Jesus, and the cost is your life.
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This chapter provides several examples of disciples who were not paying the cost and following Jesus as they should. They were:

-Being ruled by doubt rather than trusting the power of God to heal and provide (v. 13 & 30).
-Claiming greatness and exclusivity for yourself rather than child-like gratitude and grace toward others (v. 46-56).
-Putting any earthly priority ahead of the demands of God's kingdom (v. 47-52).
-Having merely the right answers without a willingness to obey at any cost (v. 20).
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Verses 23-26 give the core summary statement of the chapter and elaborate on what real discipleship looks like: Christ crucified. Jesus showed us in his life and death what obedience to God was all about. It looks like:

-denying yourself on a daily basis,
-looking to the needs of others,
-being sensitive to the leadership of the Spirit,
-being willing to lose what is most dear to you for his sake,
-setting your face on the calling he has for you,
-never being ashamed of him or his words
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This chapter leaves me shuddering, knowing how often I have failed to honor my God and king who has given so much for me. But Jesus does not tell us to lose our lives and deny ourselves as an end in itself. This is not mere asceticism. This is about gaining something greater than anything the world can offer. It is the man who loses his small petty life of empty pleasures who will ultimately be welcomed by God when he comes with his angels to judge the world. You must lose this life in order to save your eternal soul. And that is a prize well worth the cost, even a daily cost of putting off the old desires and putting on the likeness of Christ (Col. 3:1-17).
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Lord, have mercy to grant me new eyes to see the things I crave and covet in this world are so small and petty compared to the greatness of knowing you and living for you each day. Help me to believe that by laying down my life for others, I will find true joy, if not in this life, then most definitely in the New Heavens and New Earth. Help me to believe like Paul:
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"But whatever gain I had, I counted as loss for the sake of Christ. Indeed, I count everything as loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord. For his sake I have suffered the loss of all things and count them as rubbish, in order that I may gain Christ and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which comes through faith in Christ, the righteousness from God that depends on faith— that I may know him and the power of his resurrection, and may share his sufferings, becoming like him in his death, that by any means possible I may attain the resurrection from the dead." (Philippians 3:7-11)

Disaster, Demons, and Death

Luke 8:24-25

And they went and woke him, saying, "Master, Master, we are perishing!" And he awoke and rebuked the wind and the raging waves, and they ceased, and there was a calm. He said to them, "Where is your faith?"  And they were afraid, and they marveled, saying to one another, "Who then is this, that he commands even winds and water, and they obey him?"

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Just in case there was any question as to Jesus' infinite power, Luke here provides a triumvirate of evidences to illustrate that Jesus is nothing less than omnipotent.

Disaster. When Jesus calmed the stormy sea, the appropriate reaction seems to be utter amazement. The disciples marveled that this man who walked among them could control nature merely with his words. This was no magic trick. The Maker of the sea and wind was standing here in the flesh, as if he had stepped right out of the Genesis creation story. Jesus was and is completely sovereign over nature.

Demons. But he is also sovereign over an unseen spiritual world. Verses 26-39 describe one of the most bizarre conversations ever recorded. Jesus approaches what we would consider a raving lunatic and proceeds to speak with a Legion of demons that are oppressing him. And it is not Jesus who shudders, but the demons who plead for mercy and try to bargain for a less horrible fate. Jesus was and is completely sovereign over the spiritual realm.

Death. Not impressed yet? Well, take a moment right now and visualize your last few moments alive. You know they will one day come, and you will eventually have to face the point of no return - a dark veil over which lies some unknown void. Will there be something on the other side of that last breath? Is there anything else in all the world that we have LESS control over? Death is completely unavoidable... Or is it? This passage concludes with an event even more remarkable than Jesus' clash with disaster or demons. Here, Jesus encounters the hopelessness of a young child's death and almost casually decides to rewind it.

And all were weeping and mourning for her, but he said, "Do not weep, for she is not dead but sleeping."  And they laughed at him, knowing that she was dead. But taking her by the hand he called, saying, "Child, arise."

Child, arise. Two words. Two words to undo death. What remains the most troubling, terrifying, uncontrollable enemy that mankind has ever known, he undoes with two simple words. This is the gospel. Death is overcome, the grave is emptied of power, the wages of sin are being paid for by this humble and powerful Savior.

Now, will we believe and find our strength in Him?

Damned if you do...

Luke 7:31-35

To what then shall I compare the people of this generation, and what are they like?  They are like children sitting in the marketplace and calling to one another, 

"We played the flute for you, and you did not dance;
we sang a dirge, and you did not weep."

For John the Baptist has come eating no bread and drinking no wine, and you say, 'He has a demon.'  The Son of Man has come eating and drinking, and you say, 'Look at him! A glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!'  Yet wisdom is justified by all her children.

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The healings of the centurion's servant and the widow's son are amazing stories in and of themselves. But Luke also uses them to introduce John's question about who this Jesus really is. Likewise, the concluding account of the immoral woman interrupting the pharisee party is a bookend example of Jesus as the "friend of sinners," a title he  took from the pharisees' misplaced accusations.

In the center of this action is the cryptic little saying quoted above, where I will now turn my attention - "we played the flute for you, and you did not dance; we sang a dirge, and you did not weep." What does this mean?

Jesus uses this phrase as a way to define the generation of people before him, but this could just as easily refer to our modern era and the elemental nature of our fallen humanity. Jesus goes on to rephrase and clarify his own words - "For John the Baptist has come eating no bread and drinking no wine, and you say, 'He has a demon.'; The Son of Man has come eating and drinking, and you say, 'Look at him! A glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!'; Yet wisdom is justified by all her children."

In other words, you hate and condemn those who live for God, whether they are ascetics like John, or free to enjoy food and drink like Jesus was during his ministry. The Pharisees were so blinded by their judgmentalism that they could condemn two men of opposite offenses without batting an eye. They were so fixed on the external trappings of religiosity that they could not see the glorious fruit of God's wisdom staring them in the face.

How do we see this happening today? In our culture of tolerance we do not always see clear examples of overt judgment like this. What we do experience on a regular basis are the silent accusations of our Enemy howling against us in often contradictory ways. In the church, we imagine our dear brothers and sisters condemning us for being either too strict or too lenient as parents. In the world, we imagine our non-believing friends either offended by our God-talk or perhaps condemning us in an imaginary hell because we did not say or do enough to bring them to Jesus. In our own minds, we are "damned if you do, or damned if you don't."

These are the illogical accusations we face from day to day. But it is the simple truth of the gospel that can quickly set us free from these earthly fears. Romans 8 tells us: "There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus." If we truly believe this, then we know we have been forever declared "not guilty" by the only Judge who will ever really matter. He is our hope and confidence now. In him we can stand assured. Our faith will be proved genuine, not by the petty judgments of our Enemy, but rather by the Son who took our judgment upon Himself: a wisdom that is truly justified by her children.

Mercy Without Rest

Luke 6:9, 35, 36, 42, 45

And Jesus said to them, "I ask you, is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do harm, to save life or to destroy it?..."

But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, expecting nothing in return, and your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High, for he is kind to the ungrateful and the evil. Be merciful, even as your Father is merciful....

How can you say to your brother, 'Brother, let me take out the speck that is in your eye,' when you yourself do not see the log that is in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take out the speck that is in your brother's eye....

The good person out of the good treasure of his heart produces good, and the evil person out of his evil treasure produces evil, for out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks.

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There is so much going on in this chapter that it is difficult to pick any one section to focus on. So, let's see how each of these fit together in an overall theme.

Much of this passage consists of Luke's version of the Sermon on the Mount. Luke and Matthew may have shared a common source (the hypothetical Q source), Luke may have borrowed from Matthew directly (since the prologue admits he was familiar with other accounts), or more likely, these pithy sayings were frequent topics in Jesus' teaching, repeated on several occasions and recalled in various oral and written traditions.

In Luke's context, these teachings follow two encounters with the religious leaders in which Jesus is questioned about his apparent disregard for the Sabbath. Few traditions were cherished by the Jews more than their observance of rest on the seventh day - an ordinance commanded by Moses and rooted in God's rest after the six-day creation account recorded in Genesis. But, over time, there were many man-made traditions that evolved around Sabbath observance - extra requirements that turned this day of celebration into a religious straight-jacket. The idea that picking heads of grain or healing a man with a withered hand should be forbidden of the Sabbath speaks to the petty and trivial nature of these man-made traditions. They were missing the point entirely!

In this context, the subsequent sermon appears to address these hypocrites with some of the most penetrating words of Jesus' entire ministry. The call to humility, the acceptance of persecution, our willingness to bless enemies, warnings against hypocritical judgmentalism, a focus on heart motivations, and an emphasis on founding one's life on God's word - all of this directly contradicts the petty, trivial, externalized, and ultimately fraudulent version of spirituality being offered by the scribes and Pharisees. God demands a changed life, one that is fundamentally reoriented toward His purposes from the inside out. This demand is impossible to realize in our own strength, which is part of why men prefer to use their man-made traditions like a self righteous mask.

Note how verse 36 roots this call to mercy in the character of God himself:

Be merciful, even as your Father is merciful. (Luke 6:36)

By missing the central command to show mercy, these teachers had missed the very nature of the God they claimed to follow. Failure to live out of a heart of mercy is practical heresy and gives the completely wrong impression of the God we serve. It's no wonder that Paul would further claim that this hypocrisy was actually driving Gentiles away from faith, rather than toward faith (Romans 2:23-24).

I pray that I will know this God of mercy, that I will understand his heart and let my life be shaped by His Spirit. I pray that I will lead a life of unexpected love and thus convey that there is a infinite personal God with the heart of a father, and whose character is mercy. Help me, even on a Sabbath, to never rest from showing mercy. Amen.