Ross

I've been avoiding this post. But I know I will never move on until it is written. It feels like the last few tears that have yet to be shed.

I miss you Ross. And I'd like to focus on who I miss rather than the missing itself.

When we met, I was largely untethered. I mean, I knew the basics about life, and I wanted to pursue a life in christian ministry, whatever that meant. But I couldn't tell you how or why, other than a  subjective feeling of duty and several emotional experiences that had led me down this path. I met you and heard those infamous questions for the first time.

What do you do?
How do you do that for the glory of God?

I told you I was called to mentor young men and help them become men.

Your response: That's the last thing we need! All methodology and no content.

I had never faced someone so frank, someone who could read me like a book and wasn't afraid to wager an educated guess as to my deepest weakness and then show me a better way. 

The car ride home was quiet for me.

A year later, Donna and I were asking you and Lynn to meet with us for pre-marital counseling. I never would have made it that far if your son Ryan hadn't radically flipped my mindset about marriage. I had started to see Donna as someone I could die for, rather than someone I could use for my own fulfillment. And I know that wisdom originated in you and Lynn and the legacy you passed on from several generations of faithful men and women before you.

Our first session together, I had expected a book chapter outline or a research assignment. Instead we got magazines and scissors. Our homework was to create a collage of photos that symbolized what Life meant to us. You were exemplifying creativity and joy, over and beyond duty or obedience.

You welcomed us into your family. We saw Stone Soup in action. We shared laughs and meals with the siblings and fellows who shared the joy and the vision. We drank deeply from a well that can only come from generations of joyful celebration of human life. There were stories of kids climbing refrigerators, kids digging their own swimming pools, kids learning to embrace their "bent" from an early age and being allowed to pursue it without shame.

There were hard stories too, but those stories were often used as private warnings. You never spoke ill of anyone. Even if they had wronged you. You taught me how to love unconditionally.

And we saw you say goodbye to Lynn. Your partner, friend, lover, and joyful companion in many efforts. It seemed like you were half a man from that point on.

The work continued on. Maison de la Vie. Totomundo gatherings. Family camp. And this year, an incredible leap forward in effort. Publishing the baby games. Forming new fellows groups. Recording the Precis material. It was an incredible final sprint at the end of a long rich marathon.

The finish line. That was the image in my mind as we stood in the hospital outside your room. You were running till the very end, arms in the air, even leaping for the joy that is inexpressible. Christ in you, the hope of glory.

Now you see the glory, and not through a glass dimly. Now you walk arm-in-arm with Lynn again, basking in a light much stronger than the sun. Now you see the fruit of your life's work. Now you have arrived into the arms of that unconditional love which you so faithfully channeled to others, even to me.

You are a forever friend. Thank you for teaching me what that means.

Soli Deo Gloria.

Paradise!

Luke 23:35-43

And the people stood by, watching, but the rulers scoffed at him, saying, “He saved others; let him save himself, if he is the Christ of God, his Chosen One!” The soldiers also mocked him, coming up and offering him sour wine and saying, “If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself!” There was also an inscription over him, “This is the King of the Jews.” One of the criminals who were hanged railed at him, saying, “Are you not the Christ? Save yourself and us!” But the other rebuked him, saying, “Do you not fear God, since you are under the same sentence of condemnation? And we indeed justly, for we are receiving the due reward of our deeds; but this man has done nothing wrong.” And he said, “Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom.” And he said to him, “Truly, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise.”

...............

The rulers. The soldiers. The crowds. His closest friends. And now a condemned thief.

All betraying, murdering, and mocking the Son of God. Save yourself! they all cried, as if they deserved to be shown proof of his majesty and power. Surely the pride of man that began with Adam seeking to have knowledge like God's is now culminated in this humiliation of God hanging powerless on a tree. All thanks to the cruel wisdom and power of men.

Except, there were some unlikely friends at the cross. A man from the council named Joseph, and a handful of women, made sure that Jesus' body was cared for and respectfully buried. A centurion standing guard over the execution proclaimed Jesus' innocence, surely a sign that some grasped the injustice being committed. 

And the thief. Certainly the boldest of these friendly characters, the thief saw the absurdity of mocking this innocent man, especially when the thief was getting exactly what he deserved. 

But the other rebuked him, saying, “Do you not fear God, since you are under the same sentence of condemnation? And we indeed justly, for we are receiving the due reward of our deeds; but this man has done nothing wrong.”

The second thief responded with fear of God when everyone else, even Jesus' disciples, were either running away or openly mocking this Savior. They mocked him even while admitting he had saved others by powerful acts and signs. How their pride constrasts so starkly with the fearful humility of the second thief!

And then Jesus responds to the thief's simple faith with one of the most precious and profound gifts he could utter:

Truly, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise

Paradise! Reunion with our Maker! Final peace with God! Given simply and freely to a bleeding criminal. All he had to do was ask for it and be willing to associate himself with this foolish-looking Savior.

Today, we Christians are called to follow in this man's footsteps. Two passages in the epistles specifically call our attention to Christ's ultimate sacrifice: Phillipians 2 and Hebrews 12. These chapters highlight that Jesus humbled himself as a servant, died an unjust death for us, but also that he was motivated by the joy of Paradise set before him. And both passages go on to challenge us to persevere in trials and not give in to our temptation to grumble and complain. In closing, read these two other chapters and see how the apostles interpreted and used the story of the crucifixion to turn our eyes away from earthly pains toward eternal joys in Paradise. I pray that I could have the faith of that thief, who took an opportunity for mocking and grumbling and chose instead to ask for Paradise.

Philippians 2:5-16

Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus, who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. Therefore, my beloved, as you have always obeyed, so now, not only as in my presence but much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling, for it is God who works in you, both to will and to work for his good pleasure. Do all things without grumbling or disputing, that you may be blameless and innocent, children of God without blemish in the midst of a crooked and twisted generation, among whom you shine as lights in the world, holding fast to the word of life, so that in the day of Christ I may be proud that I did not run in vain or labor in vain.

Hebrews 12:1-3 ESV

Therefore, since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us also lay aside every weight, and sin which clings so closely, and let us run with endurance the race that is set before us, looking to Jesus, the founder and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God. Consider him who endured from sinners such hostility against himself, so that you may not grow weary or fainthearted.

The Psalmist and Carl Sagan

Psalm 33:10-15

The Lord brings the counsel of the nations to nothing; 

he frustrates the plans of the peoples. 

The counsel of the Lord stands forever, 

the plans of his heart to all generations. 

Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord, 

the people whom he has chosen as his heritage! 

The Lord looks down from heaven; 

he sees all the children of man; 

from where he sits enthroned 

he looks out on all the inhabitants of the earth, 

he who fashions the hearts of them all 

and observes all their deeds. 

Isaiah 40:13-15

Who has measured the Spirit of the Lord,

or what man shows him his counsel? 

Whom did he consult, and who made him understand? 

Who taught him the path of justice, 

and taught him knowledge, 

and showed him the way of understanding? 

Behold, the nations are like a drop from a bucket, 

and are accounted as the dust on the scales; 

behold, he takes up the coastlands like fine dust. 

...............

"The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one corner of this pixel on the scarcely distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner, how frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds. Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors so that, in glory and triumph, they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot."

-Carl Sagan, Pale Blue Dot

The Psalmist, Isaiah, and Carl Sagan draw a line between the vastness of the observable universe and the absurdity of man's vain attempts to control one another. Nations make bold claims, even messianic claims, but they are a vain hope, a faint flicker of hope, compared to the surpassing permanence and power of our Maker who sits enthroned in the heavens. Nations fight and quarrel over land that appears like a postage stamp next to the light years of cosmos that exists under the rule and reign of Almighty God.

And it does our souls good to stand in wonder and consider our fragility, our finitude, our tiny blip on the cosmic radar compared to the long arc of time that stretches before and after us. We are better men for considering our humble state and letting that awe and wonder shape our confidence in God. 

Sagan and his contemporaries thought that Science did a better job than religion at provoking this awe and humility. Sadly, there are just as many atrocities derived from atheism (Soviet Russia, Maoist China) and science (Nazi eugenics, modern abortion) than there have been wars of religion. This speaks to the universal corruption of man, which bleeds through our best efforts and brings us to our knees before our Maker. Sagan stopped short of true humility, ironically claiming himself to understand man's place in the universe, as if he could stand above it all and see the forest for the trees in a way the rest of us could not. Pride masquerading as humility.

True humility will lead individuals and entire nations to trust not in laws, bureaucracies, executive orders, or political promises but to trust in the God who sees them as drops in the bucket. True humility cannot stop at a vague mystical feeling of smallness or nothingness. It must go on to turn its eyes to what is truly great and permanent - the living God who reigns over us with meticulous attention to every detail of our lives, even numbering the hairs of our heads and each day of our lives before they happen. Look to him, hope in his personal love for you, and your humility will turn from nothing into something:

The king is not saved by his great army; 

a  is not delivered by his great strength. 

The war horse is a false hope for salvation, 

and by its great might it cannot rescue. 

Behold, the eye of the Lord is on those who fear him, 

on those who hope in his steadfast love.

(Psalm 33:16-18)

Betrayed

Luke 22:59-62

And after an interval of about an hour still another insisted, saying, "Certainly this man also was with him, for he too is a Galilean." But Peter said, "Man, I do not know what you are talking about." And immediately, while he was still speaking, the rooster crowed. And the Lord turned and looked at Peter. And Peter remembered the saying of the Lord, how he had said to him, "Before the rooster crows today, you will deny me three times." And he went out and wept bitterly. 

Romans 1:16

For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek.

...............

In Luke 22, we are approaching the climax of the passion story which began with the triumphal entry into Jerusalem and which will culminate in an unjust execution and the vindication of the empty tomb. Here, Jesus shares a last meal and a final night of prayer with his closest friends - men who clearly still don't grasp this savior's character and mission. They bicker about who will be greatest. They sleep through the hour of his greatest loneliness. They pull out swords when they should have gone to death alongside Jesus. They betray him - some for sake of money, some because they mistook him for a political savior, and some just to save face and protect themselves.

Peter, of all people, should have known better. He was perhaps closest to Jesus and heard him foretell his death and resurrection several times. This very night, Jesus had reminded them of his plan and purpose, even warning Peter personally that he would be tempted to betray him. And, Peter claimed he would go to death for him. How quickly we eat our words!

We should note that this admission of failed faith in the disciples is one of many reasons to trust the authenticity of the Gospel accounts. If the early church were fabricating a story to win more followers, it would have been far from intuitive to paint their top leaders as cowards and betrayers! Especially in comparison to other ancient literature, this was a uniquely candid eyewitness account that Luke was providing, warts and all.

There is hope for us in this chapter, but also a warning. Hope, in that we too can stumble and still be used by a kind and merciful savior, even in great and influential ways. Hope, in that our sin is never greater than our savior, who loves to restore his children and welcome them back into his purpose for their life. Hope, in that this gospel message, however foolish it appears to the world, is truly the power of God for our salvation! It is good news for stubborn, cowardly, shameful hearts!

But there is a warning too. A warning to keep alert rather than sleep through the moment of trial. A warning that there will be times when it is unpopular to stand for what is right, when people will question whether we trust in this foolish message. A warning that we will be tempted to take the easy road when times get tough and Jesus is getting mocked.

I pray for new courage Lord! I fail to love my friends and my enemies. I gossip, I complain, and I wish misfortune on others so that I can feel better about myself. I hide my faith when it's not cool or when I fear what others might think. I'm not consistent in my work or even in doing chores at home to serve the people I love most! I can't even live up to my own standards and desires. I am ashamed of the One who was not ashamed to call me his child. Lord, change this heart and give new courage, new power, new motivation - to go with you wherever you lead and shamelessly live before you, as I know I will stand before you one day and give an account for every word said in jest and every thoughtless deed. On that day, I pray I will have nothing to be ashamed of.

Standing Witness

Luke 21:10-19

Then he said to them, "Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be great earthquakes, and in various places famines and pestilences. And there will be terrors and great signs from heaven. But before all this they will lay their hands on you and persecute you, delivering you up to the synagogues and prisons, and you will be brought before kings and governors for my name's sake. This will be your opportunity to bear witness. Settle it therefore in your minds not to meditate beforehand how to answer, for I will give you a mouth and wisdom, which none of your adversaries will be able to withstand or contradict. You will be delivered up even by parents and brothers and relatives and friends, and some of you they will put to death. You will be hated by all for my name's sake. But not a hair of your head will perish. By your endurance you will gain your lives.

...............

In Luke 21, Jesus speaks again as a prophet with specific warnings about the days to come following his death and resurrection. I considered spending some time elaborating on my views of the end times, explaining how what is called Preterism may shed light on passages like verse 32, where these earth-shattering predictions are promised to take place within one generation. But I feel particularly drawn to verses 10-19, especially verses 14-15:

"Settle it therefore in your minds not to meditate beforehand how to answer, for I will give you a mouth and wisdom, which none of your adversaries will be able to withstand or contradict." (Luke 21:14, 15)

To me, this is surprising. The whole context of this passage appears to be about readiness. Jesus is preparing his followers, equipping them for the dire challenges they are soon to face. Why tell them to NOT meditate on their answers or what they will say to their accusers? I can think of a few answers:

1. Silence. Perhaps Jesus was encouraging them to be silent in the face of persecution. This is, in fact, what Jesus modeled for us at his own trial before Herod and Pilate. He was like a lamb who was silent before the slaughter. On the other hand, this very passage makes clear that persecution should be met with not just silence, but seen as opportunity to witness. Jesus promises that he himself will provide the words and wisdom which will confound our enemies and leave them with nothing to say in reply.

2. Mindless answers. Since we are encouraged to bear witness, but not to meditate beforehand on our answers, perhaps this passage is telling us to have a radical reliance on the illumination of the Holy Spirit in the heat of the moment, and in such a way that all faculties of the mind are ignored and exchanged for an ecstatic channeling of the power of God. This passage does not elaborate on how much of our mental faculty should be used to witness to the resurrection, but there is ample evidence elsewhere. There is the example of Paul, who defended the resurrection throughout the book of Acts in the courts of Roman officials and then later exposited the logic of the gospel in letters to the Romans and Colossians. And then there is the simple command stated in 1 Peter 3:15, which seems to work against Jesus in this instance:

"but in your hearts honor Christ the Lord as holy, always being prepared to make a defense to anyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is in you; yet do it with gentleness and respect," (1 Peter 3:15)

So, if we are not to be merely silent, and if we know our minds must be engaged in the work of defending and witnessing to the gospel story, what exactly does Jesus mean by encouraging us to NOT prepare answers beforehand?

3. Peacefully Prepared. The balanced answer we seek may simply be that Jesus was speaking words of gracious concern for a collection of followers who were racked with anxiety about the coming trials they faced. By telling them not to meditate beforehand, he was reminding them that God Almighty was on their side and would not fail them, no matter how weak and inadequate they felt as they stood before the rulers of this world. As Jesus' own example shows in this passage, we are to seriously consider and prepare for the trials that lie ahead. But at the same time, our preparations and answers will never be sufficient without the indwelling power and wisdom of the Holy Spirit, who works with our minds to give an answer that our adversaries will not be able to withstand or contradict. 

Paul sums up this kind of peaceful preparation in his first letter to Corinth. May we find the foolishness of the cross of Christ to truly be the wisdom and power of God, especially in the face of our trials and persecutions:

Where is the one who is wise? Where is the scribe? Where is the debater of this age? Has not God made foolish the wisdom of the world? For since, in the wisdom of God, the world did not know God through wisdom, it pleased God through the folly of what we preach to save those who believe. For Jews demand signs and Greeks seek wisdom, but we preach Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and folly to Gentiles, but to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. For the foolishness of God is wiser than men, and the weakness of God is stronger than men. (1 Corinthians 1:20-25)

My Hiding Place

Psalm 32:7

You are a hiding place for me; you preserve me from trouble; you surround me with shouts of deliverance. Selah

...............

Sometimes I hear people talking about their "life verse" - a passage of scripture that has been the theme of their life, or perhaps gives them a perpetual sense of motivation and purpose. I have heard people use the Golden Rule of Matthew 7, or the Great Commission of Matthew 28, or perhaps some quote from Paul that talks about God's calling in their lives. Jesus himself often summarized his life and ministry in one verse sayings, like "I have come to seek and save the lost" or "the thief comes to steal, kill, and destroy, but I have come that you may have abundant life."

This verse from Psalm 32 has been about the closest in my experience to a "life verse." It has followed me through several seasons of life and never fails to comfort and recenter my view of life and understanding of God's love.

The first season where this verse met me was in college. I was studying Hebrew in a mostly nonreligious Religion department (yes, I said that right). I translated this passage from the Hebrew and was drawn into the beauty of this psalm by the hidden rhyme found in this verse, which does not carry over in the English translation:

Atah seter li
Mitzar titz-raini
Ra-ney fallet tisovivani

I enjoyed this verse so much that I painted the Hebrew words on the wall of my small apartment bedroom. I wanted to be reminded that God's love and protection were always around me, that God himself was my hiding place.

The second season where this verse appeared in my life was in seminary. The last phrase of the verse includes the word "shouts" but this can also be translated "songs." I had always loved music, grew up playing my dad's guitars, and from early in my christian life helped to lead others in youth groups to worship in song. The idea that God the creator was singing over me and that this was part of his deliverance was very comforting.

This comfort took on new meaning in seminary when I met a lovely young lady who shared my love for music, worship, ministry, and all things beautiful. Her name was Donna, and when we started dating, it was just before Christmas, which put me in the fun position of finding a present for her that was special but not TOO special. I decided to make a framed picture montage with snapshots of our brief time together. In the center was one simple verse of scripture, written in Hebrew - Psalm 32:7.

This verse would continue to comfort and remind me and Donna in the coming years of God's song of deliverance, through times of both joy and sorrow. The frame still hangs in our living room to this day.

Today, I was driving to work, feeling particularly tired and discouraged. I have every reason to rejoice: a family that loves me unconditionally, a job I enjoy with an upcoming promotion, a Savior who forgives and provides. But my fears and self-hatred often overwhelm these obvious realities. So, like I've done hundreds of times, I put Andrew Peterson on the stereo and proceeded to sing my heart out, crying tears of joy and gratitude as I preached the words of God's grace to myself yet again. 

These are words that I will never fail to need reminding of. They are God's song of deliverance to me, and I hope to continue singing these words and others like them for many seasons to come:

High noon in the valley of the shadow
When the deep of the valley was bright
When the mouth of the tomb
Shouted, "Glory, the Groom is alive" 

So long, you wages of sin
Go on, don't you come back again
I've been raised and redeemed 

You've lost all your sting
To the victor of the battle
At high noon in the valley
In the valley of the shadow

Spheres of Authority

Luke 20:19-26

The scribes and the chief priests sought to lay hands on him at that very hour, for they perceived that he had told this parable against them, but they feared the people. So they watched him and sent spies, who pretended to be sincere, that they might catch him in something he said, so as to deliver him up to the authority and jurisdiction of the governor. So they asked him, "Teacher, we know that you speak and teach rightly, and show no partiality, but truly teach the way of God. Is it lawful for us to give tribute to Caesar, or not?" But he perceived their craftiness, and said to them, "Show me a denarius. Whose likeness and inscription does it have?" They said, "Caesar's." He said to them, "Then render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's." And they were not able in the presence of the people to catch him in what he said, but marveling at his answer they became silent. 

...............

If Jesus had a Facebook account, this would have been the perfect moment for him to post a pithy political argument or lambast the government of his day. If Luke, the reporter here, had an axe to grind against the first century Roman authority, this would have been a great time to strike out against the heathen state. But, they didn't. In fact, the New Testament here and throughout is strangely devoid of political commentary, choosing rather to respect and honor the pagan state in multiple passages.

In Luke 20, the religious leaders were salivating over their own cleverness: they had devised the perfect unanswerable question, which, in their minds, had only two damnable responses.

"Should believers pay taxes to an ungodly government?"

Response 1: Yes, because the government has authority over religious institutions - the government is the de facto highest human authority. 

Now, you and I know that Jesus would never say this. But, the leaders would have jumped on any affirmative response as an affirmation of a heathen king, which would call Jesus' loyalty to God into question. Any association with Caesar would be a repudiation of Jesus and his ministry.

Response 2: No, because religious institutions have the ultimate authority over human government - the temple or church is the highest authority.

Again, Jesus would never say that, but again, any answer in the negative would have been twisted into an insurrectionist claim. The religious leaders would have their immediate open door to turn Jesus over to the Romans and see him finally dealt with.

These two answers represent the typical confusion over spheres of authority in every generation, whether the first century or the 21st. To demand that either the church or the state have final authority is a basic misunderstanding of how the world has been structured by God to function in various spheres. 

The Bible describes at least three spheres or categories of human authority: the family, the church, and the state. There are two main ways to understand the relationship between these spheres:

1. Sphere Subsidiarity

2. Sphere Sovereignty

The first option is the narrow view of the Jewish leaders in Jesus' day, who could only conceive of one overriding human institution which must have authority over all others. This view has prevailed at various times in human history, notably in the Middle Ages when the Roman Catholic Church exercised immense political authority, enforced religious practice with state power, and fundamentally undermined the essence of the good news of Christ by replacing the message of reconciliation with the sword of government coercion.

The second option for how to understand the spheres is to see each as independently sovereign in their own area of influence. In this model, one person could hold positions of authority in multiple spheres, but would exercise that authority differently in each. A man could have authority in his family by leading his wife and children with servant-hearted decision making (Eph 5:22-6:4), while equipping and guiding his church as an elder and shepherd (Eph 4:1-5:21), while simultaneously serving God as a faithful employer or civic leader (Eph 6:5-9).

Notice that God alone is the ultimate authority in ALL these spheres (Matt. 28:18-20), so each of these are truly spiritual and sacred in essence. What humans accomplish in these spheres is truly worship and service to him, which undercuts anyone who might think their particular church or state position of authority makes them more pleasing or valuable in God's kingdom.

So, how can we apply this concept of sphere sovereignty today? Notice how Jesus replies to the religious leaders: 

Then render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's.

Jesus is not implying that God and Caesar are separate but equal authorities. What he is stating here is that the temple and Caesar are separate and valid authorities, each with its own influence and jurisdiction. God is over them both, but the temple or church has no business exerting authority over state taxes. Again, God informs people in his word on how we should function in community under human government, but he did not create His church as an institution to make decisions in that sphere. In other words, I can be a Christian serving God in paying my taxes, serving in the military (Luke 3:10-14), or respecting and praying for my nation and even honoring and submitting to its ungodly leaders (1 Peter 2:13-17; 1 Tim 2:1-7; Rom 13:1-7). There will be times when my Spirit-informed conscience cannot allow me to obey a certain law or regulation, but these will be exceptions to the rule. Even in these cases, we have glorious examples in history to help us navigate the times when spheres of authority overlap and conflict:

-Martin Luther and other 16th Century reformers refused to submit to Catholic political authority when the gospel itself was in jeopardy.  These men put God's Word in the common language and reaffirmed the sacredness of family and work, often at great expense to their own lives. We enjoy great freedom today thanks to the price they paid.

-Roger Williams, John Leland, and other early Americans carried the reformation to the next level by influencing leaders at a moment in history when a new nation was being formed and religious liberty could be written into the fabric of our constitution and our national conscience.

-William Wilberforce saw his position of state authority as a sacred trust and led a lifetime quest to end slavery in Britain, serving God by using government authority to extend love and justice to those made in God's image, regardless of race or color.

-Eric Liddell delayed a call to missions because he knew God had called him to Olympic track running. His refusal to run in an Olympic event on a Sunday was how he put God's authority over that of the state, declining the king's direct request with respect and dignity. God honored his choice and he went on to be a sports legend and eventually gave his life in the mission field.

-Deitreich Bonhoeffer, as a last resort in a desperate time, practiced civil disobedience by conspiring to overthrow the vile Nazi regime in Germany. He was arrested and executed for his attempts, but he is remembered for his prophetic voice and courageous stand against a thoroughly corrupt and unjust state.

Notice how each time and place may require a different approach. At times, we can strive to further God's kingdom within our government through activism, influence, or holding office. At other times, a government authority may be so corrupt and antithetical to a godly moral order that Christians may be called to physically fight for freedom and justice, though not at the direction of a religious authority or institution.

The complexity and nuances of sphere sovereignty require sensitivity and discernment. But the effort pays off in a comprehensive vision for the authority of Jesus in all things, the sacredness of every human endeavor, and the absolute necessity for each sphere of life to function independently of the authority of the other. I pray that each of us learn, not to trap each other in power plays between spheres of authority, like the religious leaders attempted with Jesus, but to render to the family what is the family's, to the church what is the church's, and to the state what is the state's - all under the good and ultimate authority of God alone.