Repaying Evil with Good

Psalm 41:9-10

Even my close friend in whom I trusted,
who ate my bread, has lifted his heel against me. 
But you, O Lord, be gracious to me,
and raise me up, that I may repay them!

...............

At first glance, Psalm 41 appears to endorse revenge - you hurt me, now I will hurt you. Many of the psalms lament the injustice of bloodthirsty men and include prayers for God to bring relief and repay the evildoer. In this case, the evildoer is a said to be a close friend of the psalmist, adding further insult to injury. The writer is clearly asking for God's help so that he can repay his betrayer. So, what makes this different than the typical Tarantino movie? Is the Bible allowing or even encouraging revenge?

First, we should remember that the Psalms are poetry. And while that doesn't mean we can reinterpret them however we want, it does mean they are often very honest and personal in nature. Not everything uttered by the psalmist is necessarily an example for us to follow, since he too is a sinner struggling with faith in the midst of great trials. With some statements, we should mimic the honesty before God, but also mimic the overcoming of doubts, fears, and hate with patient faith in the One who will act on our behalf.

Second, this particular verse is actually referenced much later by Jesus himself, during the last supper.  Jesus gives us a bigger picture and a clearer example to follow when it comes to betrayal and revenge:

And when it was evening, he came with the twelve. And as they were reclining at table and eating, Jesus said, “Truly, I say to you, one of you will betray me, one who is eating with me." They began to be sorrowful and to say to him one after another, “Is it I?” He said to them, “It is one of the twelve, one who is dipping bread into the dish with me.  For the Son of Man goes as it is written of him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would have been better for that man if he had not been born." (Mark 14:17-21)

When faced with betrayal by one of his closest friends, Jesus conveyed the psalmist's honesty and emotion. He stated that this man whom he trusted will indeed see vengeance. But that revenge doesn't come with an immediate show of force from Jesus, though he had every right and the power to do so. No, Jesus held his peace, accepted the will of God, and trusted that God would bring the vindication he so powerfully desired. Rather than draw his sword, he washed his disciples' feet, wore the crown of thorns, and hung on the cross, while praying for those who killed him. What a display of trust in the justice of God!

Thirdly, and similarly, the early church gave specific instruction on the topic of revenge, apparently because it was a common temptation we all would face:

Repay no one evil for evil, but give thought to do what is honorable in the sight of all. If possible, so far as it depends on you, live peaceably with all. Beloved, never avenge yourselves, but leave it to the wrath of God, for it is written, “Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord.” To the contrary, “if your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him something to drink; for by so doing you will heap burning coals on his head.” Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good. (Romans 12:17-21)

Do we see how this does not contradict what we read in the psalms? Both parts of the Bible are actually conveying the same truth: vengeance belongs to God. After we make our honest prayers for God to bring justice, we must trust God completely. Then, we must overcome evil with good and even be willing to bless our enemies rather than curse them. That is the fullest expression of trust in God's timing and justice. And that act of trust may even turn that enemy into a friend.

The psalmist takes the desire for revenge and redirects it to God in honest and emotional prayer. The Savior modeled for us the patience and trust we will need to overcome evil with good. And the early church fleshed out these truths in direct application in the midst of injustice and trials.

Lord, see the injustice that we face each day, especially in cities and nations where your Word is forbidden and your name is dishonored. Look upon your children who are victims of violence and persecution. Have mercy and bring justice, for your glory and for the good of those you love. For only you have the wisdom and patience to respond to evil and overcome it with good. Fill us with that same spirit as we face today's temptations to take revenge into our own hands.

The Heart of God

John 8:58

Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am.”

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We have seen that the purpose of John's gospel is to define who Jesus is and then describe who we are by faith in Him. Another unique aspect to John's account is that it defines a Christian view of metaphysics more clearly than the other three gospels. Where Luke's gospel sought a strong epistemic basis for faith, gathering an orderly eyewitness account of Jesus' historic mission, John is more intetested in defining and interpreting who Jesus is and what that means for our lives.

By metaphysics we mean what is beyond the physical world - what is the nature of God and what is the nature of man. The answers to these two questions are the foundation of the Christian worldview - that God is by nature both infinite and personal, and that man was created in His image and is now both noble and fallen.

So far, John has defined Jesus in the following ways:

- The eternal Word, who created the universe, now made flesh and dwelling among us (chapter 1)
- The lamb of God who takes away sin (chapter 1)
- The temple who would be destroyed and raised again (chapter 2)
- The Son of Man raised like the serpent in the wilderness (chapter 3)
- The Son of God sent into the world that those who believe would have eternal life
- The bridegroom (chapter 3)
- The living water that takes away thirst (chapter 4)
- Equal with God his Father (chapter 5)
- The bread of life who takes away all hunger (chapter 6)
- The Christ, whose teaching and authority is from God (chapter 7)

Now, in chapter 8, we see a surprising act of compassion, followed by several incredible self-descriptions, where Jesus further declares that he is none other than God in the flesh. This chapter describes many ways that Jesus is in fact God Himself:

- He says what God says (8:28-29)
- He does what God does (8:28-29)
- He comes from where God is from (8:23)
- He offers a promise that only God could offer (8:50-51)
- He claims to be God (8:19, 58)

This is the metaphysical nature of God on display in Jesus. His infinite power in word and deed. His miraculous offer of eternal life. His claim to be older than Abraham. His unity with the Father. He is the infinite God.

Yet, this chapter pairs Jesus' infinite nature and divine claims with his personal care and compassion. Verses 1-11 are perhaps the most radical picture of compassion found in scripture. The Jewish worldview was built on law and justice, and anyone claiming divine power would surely judge sin as the law demands. And when called upon him to judge a woman caught in adultery, Jesus did step up and judge - it just wasn't the judgment they expected:

When they persisted in questioning Him, He stood up and said to them, “The one without sin among you should be the first to throw a stone at her.”  Then He stooped down again and continued writing on the ground. When they heard this, they left one by one, starting with the older men. Only He was left, with the woman in the center. When Jesus stood up, He said to her, “Woman, where are they? Has no one condemned you? ” “No one, Lord,”  she answered. “Neither do I condemn you,”   said Jesus. “Go, and from now on do not sin anymore.”

Consider the heart of God on display in Jesus. Infinite in his ability and divine claims. Personal in his intimate care for sinners.

Then consider how you are to respond to his life and his claims. How does it change our priorities? Our dreams? Our plans? Our day today? What does it mean for us to have life in his name?

Follow him and find out.

Then Jesus spoke to them again: “I am the light of the world. Anyone who follows Me will never walk in the darkness but will have the light of life.”

Loving Vengeance

Psalm 35:11-14

Malicious witnesses rise up;
they ask me of things that I do not know.
They repay me evil for good;
my soul is bereft. 
But I, when they were sick—
I wore sackcloth;
I afflicted myself with fasting;
I prayed with head bowed on my chest. 
I went about as though I grieved
for my friend or my brother;
as one who laments his mother,
I bowed down in mourning.

...............

In the TV series House of Cards, congressman Frank Underwood is a picture of vengeance. After losing a promised place in the new president's cabinet, he concocts an elaborate plan to systematically sabotage his political enemies. He feeds half-truths to the press. He blackmails characters into doing his dark errands. He feins humility to manipulate, and he preys on the humility of others. All for power, all for winning, all for the feeling of control and superiority over others.

There is a strain of vengeful confidence that runs throughout the Psalms, especially in the words of David, who frequently calls down curses upon his enemies. The first ten verses of Psalm 35 include such a strain, complete with passionate appeal, a list of reasons, and even a promise to rejoice when destruction finally comes upon his foes. But then, verse 11 begins a very different tone:

Malicious witnesses rise up;
they ask me of things that I do not know.
They repay me evil for good;
my soul is bereft. 
But I, when they were sick—
I wore sackcloth;
I afflicted myself with fasting;
I prayed with head bowed on my chest. 
I went about as though I grieved
for my friend or my brother;
as one who laments his mother,
I bowed down in mourning.

We were just settling in to a nice cozy bout of righteous indignation, when all of a sudden, the writer switches gears and starts grieving for his enemies, like one would mourn for a lost loved one. The wells of justice were about to brim over with acts of revenge, but then tender compassion emerged from the very same heart.  What changed?

I'd like to consider that David's prayer for swift destruction and his prayer of mourning and grief are one and the same. They occur together here, as if we should not be at all surprised by this blending of justice and mercy, of fury and tenderness. I'd like to argue that we must pray this way as well, because it is the very heartbeat of our perfectly just and loving Father in Heaven.

In Genesis 6, we see one of the greatest illustrations of this holy heart. At the moment of mankind's greatest wickedness and God's most sweeping sentence of judgment in the floodwaters, there is an ache. The heartache of a loving and grieving father:

The Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intention of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. And the Lord regretted that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him to his heart. So the Lord said, “I will blot out man whom I have created from the face of the land, man and animals and creeping things and birds of the heavens, for I am sorry that I have made them.” (Genesis 6:5-7)

Now, it is very clear from several passages that God holds the role of judge in a way that we are not exactly to emulate. Jesus modeled compassion and mercy in the face of injustice, and he taught us to likewise love our enemies. Paul summed up this Christlike ethic with these penetrating words to the Roman church:

Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse them. Rejoice with those who rejoice, weep with those who weep. Live in harmony with one another. Do not be haughty, but associate with the lowly. Never be wise in your own sight. Repay no one evil for evil, but give thought to do what is honorable in the sight of all. If possible, so far as it depends on you, live peaceably with all. Beloved, never avenge yourselves, but leave it to the wrath of God, for it is written, “Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord.” To the contrary, “if your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him something to drink; for by so doing you will heap burning coals on his head.” Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good. (Romans 12:14-21)

So, if we cannot avenge ourselves, how can we apply the imprecatory tone of Psalm 35 to our own lives? Not by our judgment or vengeful actions, but instead by our prayers. David is modeling a life of honest prayer in which God welcomes our desperate cries for justice, while simultaneously softening our hearts to even plead on behalf of those who threaten and hurt us. Again, Jesus models this on the cross, praying his enemies would find forgiveness, even as they are watching him be executed. What love! What mysterious mercy in the face of hatred!

Lord, grant me the honesty and trust to bring my cries for justice to you. Vengeance belongs to you, and yet you turn even that into moments of mercy. Let my indignation more easily shift to grief and mourning even for my enemies and those I don't like or care for. Let me plead for them like they were my own family. For you have pleaded for me in just the same way.

Faith in His Mercy

Luke 18:6-8

And the Lord said, "Hear what the unrighteous judge says. And will not God give justice to his elect, who cry to him day and night? Will he delay long over them? I tell you, he will give justice to them speedily. Nevertheless, when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on earth?" 

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This chapter revolves around examples of true faith, and each example defines faith as utter dependence upon the mercy of almighty God.

1. The widow. The first example of the persistent widow connects faith and mercy explicitly. Jesus teaches that our God will surely hear the cries of his people for justice. But then he questions whether such cries are even happening - "will he find faith on earth?" We are called to be like the persistent widow, who proved her faith in God's mercy by the unrelenting nature of her prayers. She persevered to the end and saw the merciful character of God proved true.

The rub: Is my lack of prayer because I don't believe He is merciful? And does this weak faith result from ignoring his word and not dwelling on his kind heart, displayed at the cross?

2. The tax collector. Along with persistence, our faith in God's mercy must be accompanied by undeserving humility. The Pharisee made a list of his successes. But God was more impressed with the taxman who knew he deserved nothing before a holy God.

But the tax collector, standing far off, would not even lift up his eyes to heaven, but beat his breast, saying, "God, be merciful to me, a sinner!" I tell you, this man went down to his house justified, rather than the other. For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but the one who humbles himself will be exalted." (Luke 18:13, 14)

The rub: Do I hope God will accept me for my list of good deeds, or because I simply have faith in his kindness toward the humble?

3. The children. The kids rushed to him, eager to see, hear, and touch this man who seemed to relate and sympathize with them in some unique way. The kids were often looked down upon in this culture, but Jesus saw them. He noticed them and paid attention to them. And Jesus defined true faith using the kids as his model and example: because they so unashamedly trusted him.

The rub: Do I come to him like a child, trusting he will accept me as I am?

4. The blind beggar. What if you had no possessions, no friends, no purpose, and no real hope that life will get any better? And no eyesight. You are blind. Then, you hear rumors of a healer who is both willing and able to make cripples well. And, he is walking toward you right now. How you respond in his presence will directly reflect what you believe about him. And this beggar responds in a way that perfectly fits his need and Jesus' ability to meet that need: "Son of David, have mercy on me!" His faith was dependent upon the reality of God's mercy.

The rub: Do I cry out persistently, humbly, like a child, like a beggar? Or am I the opposite? Occasional in prayer, self-reliant, presumed mature, secure in my comfortable lifestyle. Can this be faith? Can this be trust in the merciful character of God? Do I dwell on his mercies? Do I even believe in them?

Lord, remind me of your kindness. Let me never give up seeking You, learning about your mighty deeds and promises, and crying out for mercy on a daily basis. I am your child, you are my Father. I rely completely on you and stake all of my hope in your merciful love. Amen.

Mercy Without Rest

Luke 6:9, 35, 36, 42, 45

And Jesus said to them, "I ask you, is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do harm, to save life or to destroy it?..."

But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, expecting nothing in return, and your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High, for he is kind to the ungrateful and the evil. Be merciful, even as your Father is merciful....

How can you say to your brother, 'Brother, let me take out the speck that is in your eye,' when you yourself do not see the log that is in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take out the speck that is in your brother's eye....

The good person out of the good treasure of his heart produces good, and the evil person out of his evil treasure produces evil, for out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks.

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There is so much going on in this chapter that it is difficult to pick any one section to focus on. So, let's see how each of these fit together in an overall theme.

Much of this passage consists of Luke's version of the Sermon on the Mount. Luke and Matthew may have shared a common source (the hypothetical Q source), Luke may have borrowed from Matthew directly (since the prologue admits he was familiar with other accounts), or more likely, these pithy sayings were frequent topics in Jesus' teaching, repeated on several occasions and recalled in various oral and written traditions.

In Luke's context, these teachings follow two encounters with the religious leaders in which Jesus is questioned about his apparent disregard for the Sabbath. Few traditions were cherished by the Jews more than their observance of rest on the seventh day - an ordinance commanded by Moses and rooted in God's rest after the six-day creation account recorded in Genesis. But, over time, there were many man-made traditions that evolved around Sabbath observance - extra requirements that turned this day of celebration into a religious straight-jacket. The idea that picking heads of grain or healing a man with a withered hand should be forbidden of the Sabbath speaks to the petty and trivial nature of these man-made traditions. They were missing the point entirely!

In this context, the subsequent sermon appears to address these hypocrites with some of the most penetrating words of Jesus' entire ministry. The call to humility, the acceptance of persecution, our willingness to bless enemies, warnings against hypocritical judgmentalism, a focus on heart motivations, and an emphasis on founding one's life on God's word - all of this directly contradicts the petty, trivial, externalized, and ultimately fraudulent version of spirituality being offered by the scribes and Pharisees. God demands a changed life, one that is fundamentally reoriented toward His purposes from the inside out. This demand is impossible to realize in our own strength, which is part of why men prefer to use their man-made traditions like a self righteous mask.

Note how verse 36 roots this call to mercy in the character of God himself:

Be merciful, even as your Father is merciful. (Luke 6:36)

By missing the central command to show mercy, these teachers had missed the very nature of the God they claimed to follow. Failure to live out of a heart of mercy is practical heresy and gives the completely wrong impression of the God we serve. It's no wonder that Paul would further claim that this hypocrisy was actually driving Gentiles away from faith, rather than toward faith (Romans 2:23-24).

I pray that I will know this God of mercy, that I will understand his heart and let my life be shaped by His Spirit. I pray that I will lead a life of unexpected love and thus convey that there is a infinite personal God with the heart of a father, and whose character is mercy. Help me, even on a Sabbath, to never rest from showing mercy. Amen.

Forgiven for His Glory

Psalm 25:7, 11

Remember not the sins of my youth or my transgressions;
according to your steadfast love remember me,
for the sake of your goodness, O Lord!...

For your name's sake, O Lord,
pardon my guilt, for it is great.

...............

There are many verses in this passage that could be dwelt upon and savored. The psalmist is speaking of his loneliness and affliction in the face of very real and fearful enemies. The psalm presents a heartfelt prayer that balances the depth of human need with passionate cries to the only One who is both strong and merciful enough to save him.

I picked out the verses above because at first they seemed counterintuitive. Pray for forgiveness for the sake of God's name and goodness? That's backwards, right? I tend to pray for forgiveness because of ME - my guilty feelings, my need to avoid God's judgment, my desire for cleansing and peace of mind. What does this mean to plead for forgiveness for the sake of God's reputation?

A friend explained this idea to me once, and I can't think of a better metaphor at the moment. Imagine you have fallen into a deep dark pit. You are helpless, alone, and afraid. The darkness wears on after hours of calling for help. You despair and wonder if anyone will ever find you in time. Then, suddenly, you see a rope thrown down and the voice of someone above saying they are here to save you. You wonder how he can manage to pull you up from so great a distance. Your wonder turns into gratitude as you grab hold and find yourself being pulled to safety in a feat of effortless strength. There are others present as well, a crowd who is equally amazed to see their friend who was feared dead suddenly emerge into the light of day, all thanks to the strong and steady arms of this rescuer.

So, who gets the glory in this illustration? The fallen victim? The watching crowd? Or the one whose arms look strongest when all other hope is lost?

This is a little bit like how we should pray when we feel the sting of sin and guilt within us - "God, help me for the sake of your name! Please show mercy to me and show the world how good and merciful you are by covering my sin, removing my sin, and making me new again!"

The psalmist says this another way:

Good and upright is the Lord;
therefore he instructs sinners in the way.
(Psalm 25:8 ESV)

There is something fundamental to God's goodness that involves forgiving sinners and teaching them to walk in his ways - restoring the image and likeness of God in them. In restoring that image, we find that forgiveness is really all about God's glory and reputation being more clearly and wondrously displayed in the simple miracle of repentance and faith. When weak and weary sinners turn to their good and powerful Savior, he gets all the glory - and there can be no greater joy for the Christian than seeing this good Savior magnified and shown for who he is. May our hearts be compelled by this kind of prayer, even in our moments of greatest need.

Three Beggars

Mark 5:19

And he did not permit him but said to him, "Go home to your friends and tell them how much the Lord has done for you, and how he has had mercy on you." And he went away and began to proclaim in the Decapolis how much Jesus had done for him, and everyone marveled.

................

I'd like to point out three instances of begging within the story of the demon-possessed man. Then, I'd like to think about how this man's response to Jesus is relevant for me today.

1. The Demons Beg. An ostracized maniac was living naked in the caves outside of the city. A whole battalion of demons were oppressing him, demons who even gave themselves a name - "Legion." And, while the townspeople kept their distance, Jesus approached him in his spiritually destitute state and threatened these demons with banishment. So, they begged. They begged Jesus to not send them away. They begged Jesus to send them into a herd of pigs nearby. "So he gave them permission" (5:13). Think about that little sentence for a moment. It says a lot about Christ's power and the impotency of the demonic world.

2. The Townspeople Beg. When the pig herdsmen saw that Jesus had sent these 100's of demons into their precious herd, they went into the town to tell what had happened. In turn, the townspeople proceeded to come and see for themselves. Amazingly, when they saw that Jesus had shown compassion and set the maniac free from his oppression, they begged Jesus to leave. They begged! When confronted by powerful compassion, their whole way of life was threatened: their personal peace, their comfortable segregation from this maniac, and probably their financial interest in the pigs!

3. The Demoniac Begs. In a very different way, the former demoniac does his own begging of Jesus, but he is begging Jesus for permission to "be with him." Sounds like a good request right? But, Jesus does not permit it! Instead, it was more imperative that this man tell his friends what the Lord has done and about the mercy he has received. Now, this was probably the very thing that the townspeople did NOT want to hear about, for the sake of their comfortable way of life. But, Jesus makes this the priority: Make it known that there is a man who has power over demons, who transformed your life completely, and is worth our allegiance and trust.

This is our message too. We were oppressed by our sinful desires, enslaved to our love for the world and its empty promises. But, Jesus pursued us and demonstrated his love for us right when we had the least to offer, with nothing to commend ourselves (see Rom. 5:8). When we were naked, alone, and ashamed, our Savior came to us and clothed us in the precious jewels of his love and freedom and righteousness (see Ezekiel 16). Jesus has given his almighty "permission" to free our souls from sin and oppression and we too have a message to spread. Will we tell our friends about what the Lord has done and what mercy he has shown? Will our friends beg us to leave too? Or, like verse 20 suggests, might our friends marvel at this message of transformation and begin to investigate it for themselves?

We'll only find out if we go and share the mercy that has forever changed who we are.

Oil, Talents, and Mercy

Matthew 25:34-36

Then the King will say to those on his right, "Come, you who are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. For I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me drink, I was a stranger and you welcomed me, I was naked and you clothed me, I was sick and you visited me, I was in prison and you came to me."

................

There once was a master. He left his servants in charge of his possessions and told them what to do while he was gone. He came back one day to see what his servants had done with what he gave them. Some were not ready, so they were condemned. But, some had used what was given and had achieved incredible results.

This is a bare bones sketch of all three of these parables in Matthew 25. I don't think I've every considered the parallels between them, but right now it is almost too obvious - and quite helpful in interpreting them. Much like the parallel parables of Luke 15 (the lost coin, the lost sheep, and the lost son), these three parables tell the story of the Last Judgment and the kinds of responses people will receive from Jesus upon his return. Some will be wise, having preserved enough oil or invested properly. But, some will be foolish, having been ill prepared and performing poorly with the blessings they were given.

What is most striking to me, if these parallels are fair to the original intent, is how the third parable sheds so much light on the first and second. Namely, that the mysterious oil and the cryptic reference to talents are both symbolic of the MERCY of God that we have received and of which we are now stewards.

We are stewards of the mercy of God.

He will return one day and he will ask each one of us how we have used the mercy we have been given. Did we use it as a license to sin, or a security blanket to insulate ourselves from the world? Or, did we share that mercy with those who are called the "least of these" - the hungry, the thirsty, the stranger, the naked, the sick, and the imprisoned. I am challenged now to always look at the parable of the talents especially in reference to this parable that follows. I hope and pray that I will invest the blessing of mercy I have received so that it multiplies into blessings for all of the many needs in this world. Lord, help me to be that good and faithful servant.

"Well done, good and faithful servant. You have been faithful over a little; I will set you over much. Enter into the joy of your master."

The Heart of a Prophet

Matthew 23:37-39

O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to it! How often would I have gathered your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you would not! See, your house is left to you desolate. For I tell you, you will not see me again, until you say, 'Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.'

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After flawlessly answering the well-designed questions and attacks of the religious leaders, Jesus turns the tables and lets loose one of the most scathing critiques of the scribes and Pharisees ever uttered in his teaching. He blasts their hypocrisy, their pride, their futility, their false logic, their poor priorities, their insincerity, their hidden uncleanness, and concludes by making them complicit in all the murders of the prophets sent from God. The blood of every martyr was called down upon their heads. This is Jesus the prophet.

Based on what I know about the Old Testament prophets, here are a couple of parallels I see between this passage and the classical prophecies that came before:

1. The Emotions of God. The earmark of a true prophet is that he feels and communicates the heartbeat of God Himself. He is a living, breathing channel for the words of God. And, in the cases of Hosea and Ezekiel, he communicates God's message through actions as well as words. The point is, that God feels very strongly concerning the rebellion and heart-break of human sin, and even more strongly concerning the people who perpetuate that sin when they should be living to correct it - in this case, the hypocrisy and duplicity of the scribes and Pharisees.

2. The Justice of God. Another common thread in classical prophecy is God's desire for justice. Whether it's the rolling stream of justice described by Amos, or the true fasting of justice described by Isaiah, this theme presents the motivating vision behind the prophets' words. God will not tolerate the destructive and oppressive consequences of human sinfulness. Rather: "He has told you, O man, what is good; and what does the LORD require of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God?" (Micah 6:8)

3. The Mercy of God. People often fail to see the mercy that is inherent to the harsh statements of the prophets (and of Jesus). We hear Jesus saying "Woe to you" and "Blind guides!" and "Hypocrites!" and we naturally cringe, wondering where is the gentle shepherd who we know from most paintings of Jesus. Well, in reality, these apparently judgmental statements communicate a message of mercy. Just the fact that God sent warnings, rather than cutting straight to annihilation, is evidence that we have received abundant mercy. Jesus' threatens the Pharisees with the fire of hell, but he does not send them to hell right then and there!

There is an implicit and explicit offer of forgiveness and new life, if they would hear the warning and turn from the injustice and hypocrisy. This is why almost all of the classical prophets (and this chapter in Matt. 23) conclude with a brief message of hope, a window into the heartbreak of God. Hosea revealed the heart of a father longing for his wayward son (11:1-9); Jonah revealed the heart of a king saddened by the hedonism of a pagan city (4:10-11); Zephaniah wraps up his fire and brimstone with a glance at the future, where God will rejoice and sing over the ones that he loves (3:17). Jesus is no different. He reveals here the heart of a mother desiring to gather her children to her bosom, but being rejected. And sadly, though the prophets offered hope in the midst of injustice, they were almost always rejected, beaten, and killed.

It would be no different for Jesus. Except, that his death would not be the end of the story.

Photo Negative - Part 2

Matthew 20:27-28

and whoever would be first among you must be your slave, even as the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.

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This chapter continues the photo negative of chapter 19, taking the theme to it's most important conclusion: Salvation does not depend upon the goodness or strength of men, but rather on the unmerited generosity and power of God. The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard is perhaps the most shocking example of this photo negative, destroying our preconceived notions about religion and putting us on our knees before our Maker.

As we saw in chapter 19, this parable ends with the concluding statement "so the last will be first, and the first last." In order to further explain this cryptic little statement, Jesus takes us through a realistic story that is unlike anything the people had heard before. A master hired some laborers, a common-enough occurrence. Then, as the day went on, the master periodically hired more laborers among those who were without work in the marketplace, also a common experience. But, then the unthinkable happens. The master appears to throw aside every pretense of fairness and equity by paying those who had only worked one hour with the same day's wage that he had promised to those who had borne the brunt of the work through the scorching heat. Our intuitive sense of justice cringes at this notion, but luckily for us, the parable ends with a theological explanation that is pivotal for understanding God's kingdom and the way he works in human affairs:

Friend, I am doing you no wrong. Did you not agree with me for a denarius? Take what belongs to you and go. I choose to give to this last worker as I give to you. Am I not allowed to do what I choose with what belongs to me? Or do you begrudge my generosity? So the last will be first, and the first last.

I think it is clear from this explanation that Jesus is explaining the freedom of God; that God, as Creator and Sustainer of every molecule in the universe has the right and freedom to do what he wants, whenever he wants. But, I want us to notice something else that is a photo negative of our common cultural notions of fairness. The master shows his generosity to the workers who came later, but he ALSO calls the wages he gave to the first workers a sign of "generosity." Could it be that these first workers also did not truly earn anything good? How can their hard-earned wages be called generosity? Here is the photo negative.

Imagine an escalator. People standing on the stairs moving ever upward, on and on. The world sees human goodness and progress as something like this escalator: People generally are moving closer to moral perfection and beauty with every passing generation. Science, technology, medicine, art, legislation - everything appears to be improving our standard of living and our peace with one another, right? In this cultural paradigm, when God sends someone to hell, it is heinously offensive. Doesn't God see the beauty and progress of that individual. Even though some degenerate criminals stumble along this upward moving escalator, they could never do anything so bad as to deserve being flicked off the escalator by the finger of God, right?

Imagine another escalator. People are standing on the stairs moving ever downward, on and on. The Bible pictures human nature as hopelessly broken and perverted: People generally and individually are moving closer to hell, closer to complete separation from God, with every passing generation. War, disease, natural disasters, poverty, hunger, crime, hatred - human beings appear to being destroying themselves in a spiral of ever-increasing depravity. In this paradigm, the idea that God would send anyone to HEAVEN is heinously offensive. God could never allow one of these rebellious, ungrateful fools into eternal fellowship and joy in His presence, right? I mean, sure, there are some Billy Grahams and Mother Theresas out there, but no one really deserves to be plucked off the escalator and mercifully rescused from this downward spiral, right?

The photo negative is hard to swallow. It sounds a little pessimistic at first. Can human nature really be all that bad? Well, we must not abandon the fundamental dignity and inherit worth of human beings, as Image-bearers who were personally and lovingly formed by their Creator. However, the image of God in us has been torn to shreds by our rebellion. Some of it remains, but it proves to be of no merit in terms of our salvation. No goodness in us will prove to be enough to earn the approval and acceptance of God. The Bible paints this photo negative with large and undeniable brush-strokes. We must conform our minds to the viewpoint of God, or else we will continue to see salvation as something we have earned, rather than the unmerited generosity of a loving master.

The Minister's Job Description

Matthew 9:35-38

Jesus went through all the towns and villages, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the good news of the kingdom and healing every disease and sickness. When he saw the crowds, he had compassion on them, because they were harassed and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd. Then he said to his disciples, "The harvest is plentiful but the workers are few. Ask the Lord of the harvest, therefore, to send out workers into his harvest field."

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This chapter provides a wonderful balance for the minister's job description. As I have read through these accounts and descriptions of Jesus, I have been stung by how far I have to go to be even close to the kind of person He was. Well, no duh! We all have infinitely far to go to be like Jesus. But, while we will never quantitatively match our Savior in any respect, there are qualitative aspects to his ministry that we should expect to reflect in our own, whether it's in a church, or in our workplace, or in the ministry we have in our homes. I see three qualities in this chapter that we should strive to reflect:

(1) Healing. "Those who are well have no need of a physician, but those who are sick. Go and learn what this means, 'I desire mercy, and not sacrifice.' For I came not to call the righteous, but sinners" (9:12-13). Doesn't this passage hit you like a laser beam? I spend every waking hour trying to perform for my boss, for my family, for my Lord....and God does not desire sacrifice! At least not in comparison to MERCY. Now, some acts of sacrifice are motivated by mercy, but the passage here is loud and clear. We are called to show mercy, which implies being around people who need mercy, like the "sinners and tax collectors." There is no shortage of needs in this world, so we have no excuse really. While we can never match the quantity of healing work accomplished by the Great Physician, there is a quality here that we must emulate.

(2) Teaching. "Teaching in their synagogues..." This chapter does not belong to one of the five major teaching sections of the book of Matthew, but don't gloss over the teaching aspect here. Jesus is mostly healing people, but even these healings are occasions to make a point, and Jesus never misses such an opportunity to explain the nature of His kingdom. The explanation about fasting (9:15-17) is the largest exposition here. I would also include the reference to "sheep without a shepherd" as an allusion to the need for ministers who teach, admonish, encourage, and generally use all types of words to keep their flocks from being "harassed and helpless."

(3) Laboring. "The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few." There is no doubt that ministry is labor. I must confess the tendency to slide into "accidental" ministry, hoping for opportunities to hit me in the face, rather than laboring for a chance to glorify Christ in what I do. Picking up on the "harvest" imagery, and taking a look forward to the farming analogies of Matthew 13, I think we should be reminded that the labor of ministry may sometimes be like planting seeds, or at other times, like reaping a harvest. Let us not belittle one aspect over another.

Before I leave the whole quantitative-qualitative concept, I'd like to include one more verse that keeps popping into my head throughout this discussion. In Colossians 1:10, Paul describes what it means to "walk in a manner worthy of the Lord, fully pleasing to him." It means...

bearing fruit in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of God.

There is a similar balance here that is incredibly vital to our growth and encouragement in the faith. The quantity of our good works may not be infinite, but the quality of our ministry includes many different kinds of good deeds (including healing, teaching, and laboring). And I love the reminder that a life which is truly pleasing to God is not made up of mere externals, but consists of an increasing knowledge of Him. Do I know Him better this year than last year? That may be hard to measure, but I sure hope the measure of my ministry includes such an important, and biblical, criteria.